發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-25 16:42

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通擁堵收費(fèi) 有效性 可拓學(xué) 評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)數(shù)量劇增,交通擁堵問(wèn)題成為世界各大城市的“城市通病”。在諸多的交通管理措施當(dāng)中,交通擁堵收費(fèi)被認(rèn)為是一種有效的緩解城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題的交通需求管理方法,它從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度,將交通擁堵的外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)性?xún)?nèi)部化,使城市交通空間和時(shí)間的結(jié)構(gòu)合理化,同時(shí)能夠促進(jìn)城市公共交通的發(fā)展。新加坡、倫敦、斯德哥爾摩、紐約、多倫多等城市已經(jīng)成功地實(shí)施了城市交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略。我國(guó)的北京、上海、廣州、成都等大城市也已經(jīng)開(kāi)始著手于交通擁堵收費(fèi)實(shí)施的前期準(zhǔn)備,并將在條件成熟的情況下開(kāi)始實(shí)施。 然而,城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)是一個(gè)十分復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),它包含諸多影響因素,它的實(shí)施應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的過(guò)程,在實(shí)施各個(gè)階段應(yīng)及時(shí)地對(duì)其有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并根據(jù)評(píng)估結(jié)果及時(shí)采取改進(jìn)和調(diào)整措施。如何科學(xué)、合理地對(duì)城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略的有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)它能夠成功地長(zhǎng)期實(shí)施具有非常重要的意義。 本文對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略有效性評(píng)價(jià)的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的大部分學(xué)者只是從單一的角度對(duì)其有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),或者只是通過(guò)一個(gè)相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)變化來(lái)給予說(shuō)明,這樣的有效性評(píng)價(jià)存在片面化、不系統(tǒng)等方面的不足,從而評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果不盡合理,缺乏說(shuō)服力。鑒于此,本文總結(jié)了倫敦、斯德哥爾摩、新加坡三大城市的交通擁堵收費(fèi)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)城市關(guān)于擁堵收費(fèi)方案的效果總結(jié),構(gòu)建了城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略實(shí)施有效性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,該指標(biāo)體系一共分為3個(gè)目標(biāo)層,3個(gè)指標(biāo)類(lèi)別(公眾參與、交通影響、社會(huì)性效益),16項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。 采用主客觀相結(jié)合的方法確定各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重系數(shù),運(yùn)用可拓學(xué)中的優(yōu)度評(píng)價(jià)理論,提出了基于可拓學(xué)的城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略有效性評(píng)價(jià)方法以及有效性等級(jí)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立可拓物元模型。在實(shí)例分析中,分析斯德哥爾摩市交通擁堵收費(fèi)實(shí)施前后的相關(guān)狀況,判定其實(shí)施有效性,并對(duì)有效性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果做了簡(jiǎn)要分析,從而證明本文提出的城市中心區(qū)交通擁堵收費(fèi)策略實(shí)施有效性評(píng)價(jià)方法的有效性、合理性、實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased dramatically. Traffic congestion has become a "common urban problem" in major cities of the world. Among the many traffic management measures, Traffic congestion charge is regarded as an effective traffic demand management method to alleviate urban traffic congestion problem. It internalizes the external diseconomy of traffic congestion and rationalizes the structure of urban traffic space and time from an economic point of view. Singapore, London, Stockholm, New York, Toronto and other cities have successfully implemented urban congestion pricing strategies. China's Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other big cities have also begun to prepare for the implementation of congestion charges, and will begin to implement the conditions. However, traffic congestion charge is a very complex system in the center of the city. It contains many factors, and its implementation should be a dynamic process, and its effectiveness should be evaluated in time in every stage of implementation. According to the evaluation results, it is very important to take timely improvement and adjustment measures. How to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic congestion pricing strategy scientifically and reasonably is of great significance for its successful long-term implementation. This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situation of the research on the effectiveness evaluation of traffic congestion pricing strategy in urban center district, and finds that most scholars at home and abroad only evaluate its effectiveness from a single point of view. Or only through a related data change to explain, such effectiveness evaluation has some shortcomings, such as one-sided, unsystematic, and so on, so the evaluation results are unreasonable and unconvincing. In view of this, this paper summarizes London, Based on the practical experience of traffic congestion charging in three major cities of Stockholm and Singapore, the effectiveness evaluation index system of traffic congestion charging strategy in urban center is constructed by summarizing the effect of congestion charging scheme in three cities. The index system is divided into three target levels, three index categories (public participation, traffic impact, social benefits) 16 evaluation indicators. The weight coefficient of each index is determined by the combination of subjective and objective methods, and the theory of excellence evaluation in extension theory is used. In this paper, a method of evaluating the effectiveness of traffic congestion toll collection strategy and the criterion of validity grade are proposed based on extenics, and the extension matter-element model is established. This paper analyzes the related situation before and after the implementation of traffic congestion charges in Stockholm, determines the effectiveness of the implementation, and makes a brief analysis of the evaluation results of the effectiveness. It proves the effectiveness, rationality and practicability of the evaluation method of traffic congestion charging strategy proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F542;U491

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