本文關鍵詞： 巖爆預測 理想點 貼近度 靶心 關聯(lián)函數(shù)　出處：《中南大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：摘要：巖爆是在高地應力地區(qū)硬質完整巖石中進行采礦或者隧道(洞)施工時發(fā)生的一種極富災難性的動力地質災害現(xiàn)象,成災機理復雜。巖爆的發(fā)生在空間上具有隨機性、時間上具有突發(fā)性,且其破壞力極具災難性,往往會給生產(chǎn)生活以及人民的生命財產(chǎn)帶來不同程度的損害,如不能及時預測巖爆,往往容易造成人員傷害和設備受損,影響施工進度,而且還會造成超挖、初期支護失效,給生產(chǎn)帶來嚴重后果,導致施工綜合成本增加。因此,為了更合理、更有效、更經(jīng)濟地指導設計和施工,本文主要以秦嶺隧道為例對巖爆預測理論進行了相關研究。 1)從巖爆發(fā)生機制出發(fā),分析了巖爆的影響因素,主要包括最大切應力、巖石單軸抗壓強度、巖石單軸抗拉強度和彈性能量指數(shù),研究各個因素對巖爆烈度的重要性,以最大切向應力與巖石單軸抗壓強度比、巖石單軸抗壓強度與抗拉強度比以及彈性能量指數(shù)等作為指標建立了評價巖爆烈度等級的綜合評價體系。 2)綜合考慮上述三個指標,構建巖爆烈度預測的理想點模型,采用改進的層次分析法和熵值法相結合的組合賦權法評價各個指標的不同重要性,并利用歐氏距離來體現(xiàn)待預測的巖爆樣本在不同巖爆烈度等級下的正、負理想點距離,距離正理想點越近,則巖爆烈度等級越高。將該模型應用于冬瓜山銅礦和靈寶東峪礦區(qū)兩處工程實例中進行巖爆預測,預測結果合理,符合實際,說明了該模型的合理性。 3)建立巖爆烈度預測的變權靶心貼近度模型,構造了一種區(qū)間關聯(lián)函數(shù)來定義不同指標在不同巖爆烈度等級下的屬性值,并根據(jù)屬性值求出各個不同巖爆烈度等級下的靶心。同時,在層次分析法求客觀權重的基礎上,采用一種均衡函數(shù)對指標賦予一定的變權,使得指標數(shù)據(jù)更具有客觀性和特征性。然后,根據(jù)樣本與靶心之間的距離求出各個不同巖爆烈度等級下的貼近度。將該模型應用于冬瓜山銅礦和靈寶東峪礦區(qū)兩處工程實例中進行巖爆預測,預測結果較準確,與實際較相符,表明了該模型的可行性。 4)將上述模型通過程序實現(xiàn),建立了巖爆預測模型系統(tǒng),實際使用過程中,用戶通過將采集的數(shù)據(jù)導入系統(tǒng),可以直接用來預測巖爆烈度狀況。為了進一步驗證模型的合理性,將其應用于秦嶺隧道巖爆預測中,并結合數(shù)值分析的方法對隧道開挖的過程進行了模擬,采用陶振宇判據(jù)對其巖爆發(fā)生的可能性和地點進行了預測,結果表明：該處隧道在洞頂和洞底及其兩側有發(fā)生輕微～中等巖爆烈度的可能,與實際情況基本吻合。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: rock burst is a kind of extremely disastrous dynamic geological disaster phenomenon which occurs during mining or tunnel (tunnel) construction in hard intact rock in high ground stress area, and the mechanism of disaster formation is complex. The occurrence of rock burst is random in space. Sudden and devastating in time, often causing varying degrees of damage to production and life and to the life and property of the people. Failure to predict a rockburst in a timely manner can often lead to human injury and damage to equipment, It will also cause overexcavation, failure of initial support, serious consequences for production and increase of comprehensive construction cost. Therefore, in order to be more reasonable, more effective and more economical to guide the design and construction, In this paper, the Qinling tunnel is taken as an example to study the theory of rock burst prediction. 1) based on the mechanism of rock burst, the influence factors of rock burst are analyzed, including maximum shear stress, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic energy index of rock, and the importance of each factor to rock burst intensity is studied. Based on the ratio of maximum tangential stress to uniaxial compressive strength of rock, the ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength of rock and the elastic energy index, a comprehensive evaluation system for evaluating the degree of rock burst strength is established. 2) considering the above three indexes synthetically, the ideal point model of rock burst intensity prediction is constructed, and the different importance of each index is evaluated by combining the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method with the entropy method. And the Euclidean distance is used to show the distance between the positive and negative ideal points of the rockburst samples to be predicted under different rock burst intensities, and the closer to the positive ideal points. The model is applied to the prediction of rock burst in Dongguashan Copper Mine and Lingbaodongyu Mining area. The prediction results are reasonable and accord with the reality, which shows the rationality of the model. 3) the variable weight target centroid closeness model for prediction of rockburst intensity is established, and an interval correlation function is constructed to define the attribute values of different indexes under different rock burst intensities. At the same time, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the objective weight, a kind of equilibrium function is used to give certain variable weight to the index. Make the indicator data more objective and characteristic. Then, According to the distance between the sample and the target center, the closeness degree of each grade of rock burst intensity is obtained. The model is applied to the prediction of rock burst in two engineering examples of Dongguashan Copper Mine and Lingbao Dongyu Mining area, and the prediction results are more accurate. In accordance with the practice, the feasibility of the model is demonstrated. 4) the above model is realized by program, and a rockburst prediction model system is established. In the process of practical use, the user can directly predict the rockburst intensity by importing the collected data into the system. In order to further verify the rationality of the model, The method is applied to the prediction of rockburst in Qinling tunnel, and the process of tunnel excavation is simulated with numerical analysis method. The possibility and location of rock burst are predicted by using Tao Zhenyu criterion. The results show that there is a possibility of slight to moderate rock burst intensity at the top and bottom of the tunnel and both sides of the tunnel, which is basically consistent with the actual situation.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U456.33

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