我國道路交通事故特點(diǎn)規(guī)律及預(yù)防研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 道路交通事故 預(yù)測(cè) 分布 預(yù)防 出處:《長安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:交通安全狀況已成為全球各個(gè)國家關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)問題。每年,全球因道路交通事故失去生命的有130多萬人,而中國是世界上道路交通事故最為嚴(yán)重的國家之一,交通安全形勢(shì)堪憂。所以開展交通事故規(guī)律特點(diǎn)研究具有十分重要的意義。 首先,本文闡述了當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外道路安全工作研究現(xiàn)狀,援引我國2007年—2011年交通事故統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,對(duì)道路交通事故發(fā)生規(guī)律及對(duì)策進(jìn)行研究與分析。對(duì)我國道路交通事故的分布規(guī)律,包括時(shí)間分布、空間分布、交通事故形態(tài)分布、死亡人員類型、不同天候下的分布進(jìn)行了研究分析,,以直觀的圖形給出了交通事故在各種狀態(tài)下的分布規(guī)律。 其次,結(jié)合我國近幾年道路交通事故發(fā)生情況,分別從機(jī)動(dòng)車、非機(jī)動(dòng)車駕駛?cè)思靶腥艘蛩、車輛自身的性能及狀況、道路類型、線型設(shè)計(jì)、交通控制方式以及氣候等方面對(duì)我國交通事故的成因進(jìn)行深入分析,闡述各影響因素與交通事故的關(guān)系;運(yùn)用灰色預(yù)測(cè)GM(1,1)模型,采用灰色預(yù)測(cè)法,對(duì)我國未來幾年的交通事故的死亡人數(shù)趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),并對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)。 最后,通過對(duì)人、車、路、環(huán)境四方面的分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了交通事故的預(yù)防原則和預(yù)防對(duì)策,期望能對(duì)我國交通安全水平的提高有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Traffic safety has become a major concern of all countries in the world. Every year, more than 1.3 million people lose their lives due to road traffic accidents in the world. However, China is one of the most serious road traffic accidents in the world, and the traffic safety situation is worrying, so it is of great significance to study the characteristics of traffic accidents. First of all, this paper describes the current situation of road safety research at home and abroad, citing the statistical data of traffic accidents from 2007 to 2011 in China. The distribution law of road traffic accident in China, including time distribution, space distribution, traffic accident form distribution and death type, are studied and analyzed. The distribution of traffic accidents under different weather conditions is studied and analyzed. Secondly, combined with the occurrence of road traffic accidents in China in recent years, respectively from the motor vehicle, non-motor vehicle driver and pedestrian factors, the performance and status of the vehicle itself, road types, linear design. In the aspects of traffic control mode and climate, the causes of traffic accidents in China are deeply analyzed, and the relationship between the influence factors and traffic accidents is expounded. In this paper, the grey forecast GM1 / 1) model is used to predict the trend of traffic accident fatalities in China in the next few years, and the forecast results are tested. Finally, based on the analysis of human, vehicle, road and environment, this paper puts forward the prevention principles and preventive countermeasures of traffic accidents, which is expected to be helpful to improve the level of traffic safety in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:U491.31
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