本文關鍵詞： 交通事故 成因 對策研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：交通安全一直是一個世界性問題，備受國際社會關注，它已成為人類非正常傷亡的重要因素。我國每年因交通事故而傷亡的人數(shù)都在10萬左右，每年死亡于交通事故的人數(shù)排名世界第一，，道路交通安全形勢不僅非常嚴峻而且呈現(xiàn)日益惡化的態(tài)勢。我國的交通安全問題的產(chǎn)生是由多方面的因素造成的，主體因素即交通參與者，尤其是駕駛員，在交通事故預防中及其重要的作用，駕駛員是安全駕駛活動的信息處理者、決策者、調(diào)節(jié)者以及控制者，是安全駕駛行為中的一個重要群體。因此，基于駕駛員的安全駕駛行為分析交通事故的成因及其管理，有助于控制以及預防交通事故的發(fā)生頻率與損害程度，保障人們的生命安全。 本文通過查詢文獻及相關資料，了解、分析我國交通安全管理現(xiàn)狀；通過分析相關數(shù)據(jù)與資料，得出楊凌區(qū)交通事故的時空分布特征規(guī)律，進一步通過量化數(shù)據(jù)及建立模型從年齡、學歷、心理素質、疲勞駕駛等方面分析駕駛員這一決定性因素，并對其原因進行剖析；通過層次分析法對交通安全影響因素體系進行了分層研究，得出影響交通安全的各因素所占權重，其中駕駛員因素占最大權重。 綜上所述，人是交通事故的主導因素，起決定作用，提出采取避免駕駛員認知失誤、改善駕駛員知覺特性、提高駕駛員職業(yè)素養(yǎng)、加強交通安全教育等有效措施，以減少人為失誤，保證交通安全。本文對開展駕駛員培訓和道路交通安全管理工作，提高駕駛員的事故預防能力具有參考意義，為改善楊凌的交通安全現(xiàn)狀，有效地預防道路交通事故，提供理論上的支持，也對提高交通安全管理水平、創(chuàng)建和諧交通的新局面具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Traffic safety has always been a worldwide problem, which has attracted the attention of the international community. It has become an important factor of human abnormal casualties. The number of casualties caused by traffic accidents in China is about 100,000 every year. The number of people killed in traffic accidents ranks first in the world every year. The situation of road traffic safety is not only very severe but also presents a deteriorating situation. The emergence of traffic safety problems in China is caused by many factors. The main factors are traffic participants, especially drivers, which play an important role in the prevention of traffic accidents. Drivers are information handlers, decision makers, regulators and controllers of safe driving activities. Therefore, analyzing the causes and management of traffic accidents based on drivers' safe driving behavior will help to control and prevent the frequency and damage of traffic accidents. To ensure the safety of people's lives. This paper analyzes the current situation of traffic safety management in China by consulting the literature and related materials. Through the analysis of relevant data and data, the characteristics of traffic accidents in Yangling area are obtained, and further through the quantitative data and the establishment of models from age, education, psychological quality. Fatigue driving and other aspects of the driver analysis of this decisive factor, and its causes are analyzed; Based on the hierarchical analysis of traffic safety factors system, the weight of various factors affecting traffic safety is obtained, in which driver factors account for the largest weight. To sum up, human is the leading factor in traffic accidents, which plays a decisive role, and proposes to avoid cognitive errors of drivers, improve drivers' perceptual characteristics, and improve drivers' professional literacy. To strengthen traffic safety education and other effective measures to reduce human error and ensure traffic safety. This paper has reference significance for driver training and road traffic safety management to improve drivers' ability of accident prevention. In order to improve Yang Ling's present situation of traffic safety, effectively prevent road traffic accidents and provide theoretical support, it is also of great practical significance to improve the level of traffic safety management and create a new situation of harmonious traffic.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.31

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