本文關(guān)鍵詞：冰雪條件下信號交叉口通行能力研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 冰雪條件 信號交叉口 通行能力 配時優(yōu)化 服務(wù)水平 延誤

【摘要】：冰雪天氣是我國北方冬季普遍會遇到的氣候現(xiàn)象，冰雪天氣包括降雪狀態(tài)和冰凍狀態(tài)。在降雪期間，雪花影響駕駛員視線，降低路面摩擦系數(shù)，車輛行駛環(huán)境惡劣，駕駛員駕駛舒適性變差、操作變復(fù)雜；在降雪之后，路面在晝夜交替時結(jié)冰，駕駛員在信號交叉口紅綠燈轉(zhuǎn)換之間制動操作復(fù)雜、舒適度降低；這些情況都容易使駕駛員出現(xiàn)精神緊張、視覺疲勞等不舒適感覺，交通運行效率與行車安全性均較正常路面低。國內(nèi)外研究表明，開展冰雪條件下信號交叉口通行能力的研究對于道路規(guī)劃、防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)、提高路網(wǎng)運行效率有著重要作用。 根據(jù)降雪強度分別研究了正常天氣、小雪、中雪、大雪、暴雪天氣下冰雪路面的基本特征，并根據(jù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析了冰雪條件對路段通行能力的影響。分別建立了降雪條件下能見度同降雪強度、摩擦系數(shù)與降雪厚度、摩擦系數(shù)同冰凍強度的關(guān)系模型，同時建立了降雪和冰凍條件下路段車流速度模型。 將冰雪路面分為降雪條件、冰凍條件、降雪和冰凍條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上剖析了冰雪條件下信號交叉口的交通流特性模式，通過交通調(diào)研、數(shù)據(jù)分析，研究不同冰雪條件下的路面特性和信號交叉口的交通流特性，包括冰雪條件下速度、路面摩擦系數(shù)、穿越間隙等，進行不同冰雪條件下的相互比較以及同正常天氣條件相應(yīng)特性的研究對比。 從交叉口信號控制出發(fā)，分別研究了信號周期時長和綠信比的優(yōu)化方法，以冰雪條件下的排隊長度為判定依據(jù)，引入信號交叉口需要優(yōu)化的判定矩陣，從而確立冰雪條件下信號配時中的周期時長和綠燈時長優(yōu)化方案，并考慮實際冰雪條件下駕駛的難度和車輛運行特征，采用軌跡法和車輛速度特征優(yōu)化黃燈時長，完成冰雪條件下信號交叉口的配時優(yōu)化方案。以哈爾濱市典型交叉口嵩山路-淮河路和紅旗大街-淮河路的數(shù)據(jù)為例，利用Vissim仿真軟件對優(yōu)化方案進行仿真研究。 以冰雪條件為出發(fā)點，在信號配時優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上，分析研究了影響交叉口通行能力的主要因素，包括氣候因素、車道功能因素和車道寬度因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上，分別基于HCM法和停車線法對信號交叉口通行能力的計算模型進行了修正。在HCM法的基礎(chǔ)上，將影響冰雪條件下信號交叉口通行能力的因素綜合考慮，標定了冰雪條件下影響信號交叉口通行能力的綜合參數(shù)；在停車線法的基礎(chǔ)上，對各參數(shù)進行標定，按照降雪天氣和冰凍條件進行分類研究各參數(shù)，并給出了各種狀態(tài)下的參數(shù)值。通過修正后的模型計算降雪、冰凍以及降雪和冰凍條件下信號交叉口的通行能力，并對模型計算結(jié)果和實際觀測值進行比較。 標定了冰雪條件下信號交叉口的延誤模型，主要反映在能見度和摩擦系數(shù)對服務(wù)水平的影響上，并將其作為信號交叉口服務(wù)水平評價的一個重要指標。通過調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的整理分析，，建立了冰雪條件下信號交叉口車輛到達率的修正系數(shù)，其主要考核因素為能見度和摩擦系數(shù)，最后標定了不同權(quán)重下該修正系數(shù)的各個參數(shù)。在現(xiàn)有服務(wù)水平評價體系基礎(chǔ)上，從層次分析的角度建立了冰雪條件下信號交叉口服務(wù)水平評價的指標體系，提出了評價標準建議。最后對“十”字型信號交叉口和“T”字型信號交叉口在冰雪條件下的服務(wù)水平進行了評價，驗證信號配時優(yōu)化后冰雪條件下交叉口服務(wù)水平的變化。
[Abstract]:The weather is a weather phenomenon in North China commonly encountered in the ice and snow weather, including snow and snow. In the frozen state during the snow affect driver's line of sight, reduce road friction coefficient, vehicle driving environment, driving comfort becomes poor, the operation is complex; in the snow, ice road in the alternation of day and night. The driver in lipstick signal cross green conversion brake complex operation, reduce the comfort of; these are easy to make the driver appear nervous, visual fatigue discomfort, traffic efficiency and traffic safety were higher than normal pavement low. The domestic and foreign research shows that research capacity under the condition of ice and snow for road intersection planning, disaster prevention, plays an important role in improving the efficiency of road network.
According to the snowfall intensity were studied in normal weather, snow, snow, snow, ice and snow blizzard weather characteristics of pavement, and analyzes the effect of ice conditions on the capacity of section according to the survey data. The snow under the condition of visibility with snowfall intensity are established respectively, the friction coefficient and the thickness of snow, the coefficient of friction with the frozen strength relation model at the same time, the establishment of road traffic speed model of snow and ice conditions.
The snow is divided into snow conditions, freezing conditions, snow and ice conditions, based on the analysis of the characteristics of traffic flow model under the condition of snow and ice at signalized intersections, analyzed the data by investigation, traffic, traffic flow characteristics of different snow conditions and characteristics of Road intersection, including snow and ice conditions, pavement the friction coefficient, through the comparative study of clearance, compare different snow and ice conditions and with the corresponding characteristics of normal weather conditions.
From the point of intersection signal control, optimization method and splits the signal period are studied respectively, taking the queue under snow and ice conditions for decision basis, introducing the signal intersection to judge matrix optimization, thus establishing periodic signal timing under the condition of ice and snow in length and green time optimization scheme, and considering the difficulty and the actual operating characteristics of vehicle driving under the condition of ice and snow, the track and the vehicle speed feature optimization when the yellow light is long, the optimization scheme for distribution of intersection signal under the condition of snow and ice. In a typical intersection in Harbin City Song Mountain - Huaihe road - Huaihe road and Hongqi Street data as an example, simulation research the optimization plan of using the Vissim simulation software.
In the condition of snow and ice as the starting point, based on the optimization of signal timing, study the main factors affecting the capacity of the intersection, including climate factors, lane function factors and lane width factors. On this basis, calculate model of the capacity of signalized intersection HCM and stop line method based on modified. On the basis of HCM method, considering the factors that will affect the capacity of signalized intersections under snow and ice conditions, comprehensive calibration parameters affect signal cross export capacity under the condition of snow and ice; based on stop line method, the parameters of calibration of the parameters according to the classification of the snow and ice conditions. And the parameters are given under different conditions. By using the modified model to calculate the snowfall, the capacity of signalized intersection and the frozen snow and freezing conditions, and the calculation results of the model and the real The observational values are compared.
The calibration of the delay model of signalized intersections under snow and ice conditions, mainly reflected in the visibility and influence the friction coefficient on the service level, and will be an important indicator of the signal intersection service level evaluation. Through the investigation and data analysis, a correction coefficient of signal intersection vehicle arrival rate under the condition of snow and ice. The main factors for the assessment of visibility and friction coefficient, finally the calibration of various parameters of the correction coefficient under different weights. Based on the existing evaluation system of service level, the evaluation index system of signal intersection service level under the condition of snow and ice from the angle of layer analysis, proposed evaluation criteria. At the end of the "ten" type signal intersection and "T" type signal intersection service level in the snow and ice conditions were evaluated after verification of signal timing optimization under the condition of ice and snow intersection service Changes in the level of affairs.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.23

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