本文關(guān)鍵詞：車聯(lián)網(wǎng)V2I通信媒體接入控制技術(shù)研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： V2I通信 速率控制 DCF建模 接入控制 模糊Q學(xué)習(xí)

【摘要】：我國(guó)是全球最大的汽車生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó),車輛已成為城市的重要組成部分。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,城市人口不斷增加,在百萬(wàn)人口以上的大城市里,交通擁堵、車輛事故、環(huán)境污染已成為日常生活中一道亟待解決的難題。目前,世界各國(guó)都在積極探尋提高交通效率,使城市交通向智能化演進(jìn)的解決方案。在這樣的背景下,車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這種無(wú)線通信技術(shù)可以使車輛實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)交通信息獲取、路線規(guī)劃、變換車道預(yù)警、碰撞預(yù)警、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入等智能駕駛功能,從而改變傳統(tǒng)的駕駛概念,在現(xiàn)有城市規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ)上提高城市交通的運(yùn)行效率。簡(jiǎn)而言之,車聯(lián)網(wǎng)將通信技術(shù)融入了車輛、交通工程領(lǐng)域,通過(guò)環(huán)境感知、信息交互、信息整合實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的跨越式發(fā)展。車聯(lián)網(wǎng)是以約定的通信協(xié)議和數(shù)據(jù)交互標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行無(wú)線通信和信息交換的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。目前,學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域主要將車聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)分為兩類:車輛與路邊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(V2I,Vehicle to Infrastructure)的通信和車輛間(V2V,Vehicle to Vehicle)的通信。其中,V2I通信允許車輛在行駛過(guò)程中與路邊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(RSU,Road Side Unit)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換,可以獲得所處區(qū)域乃至整個(gè)城市的交通信息,在信息總體整合的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)每個(gè)終端提供相應(yīng)的駕駛指導(dǎo)和預(yù)警服務(wù),在支持業(yè)務(wù)種類方面比V2V通信更具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此,V2I通信一直是智能交通的重點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域,近年來(lái)得到了大量關(guān)注�；谏鲜隹紤],本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要針對(duì)V2I通信。無(wú)線通信的媒體接入控制子層(MAC,Media Access Control sublayer)提供媒體接入控制功能,并對(duì)物理層(PHY,PHYsical layer)起到向下控制作用,媒體接入控制協(xié)議決定了能否對(duì)信道資源進(jìn)行高效的調(diào)度,保障服務(wù)質(zhì)量(Qo S,Quality of Service)。V2I通信的PHY層和MAC層采用IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而,IEEE 802.11系列協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)初衷主要面向室內(nèi)低移動(dòng)性用戶,提供盡力而為型通信服務(wù)。如果將其拓展到車載通信領(lǐng)域,現(xiàn)有的MAC層協(xié)議存在諸多問(wèn)題,并且無(wú)法提供Qo S保障。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文對(duì)V2I通信的MAC層媒體接入控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,重點(diǎn)著眼于V2I通信速率控制、基于多用戶多速率場(chǎng)景的MAC層DCF性能建模以及引申的RSU部署策略、稀疏部署RSU場(chǎng)景下安全類業(yè)務(wù)Qo S保障的自適應(yīng)接入控制。本文首先研究了IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議PHY及MAC層的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),為后文的工作提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于PHY層,主要研究了基于OFDM的八種多載波調(diào)制編碼方式的空口參數(shù),并分析了信道條件對(duì)誤碼率、誤包率、通信傳輸速率的影響。針對(duì)MAC層,主要研究了幾種重要的MAC層數(shù)據(jù)單元的幀結(jié)構(gòu)以及幾種常用的信道訪問(wèn)機(jī)制�？紤]到本文研究主要建立于仿真分析,無(wú)線信號(hào)的傳輸模型是否準(zhǔn)確至關(guān)重要。傳統(tǒng)的針對(duì)IEEE 802.11協(xié)議信道建模的研究中,通�？紤]通信節(jié)點(diǎn)處于靜止或低速運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。應(yīng)用于V2I通信場(chǎng)景時(shí),由于終端具有較高的移動(dòng)性,信號(hào)的頻率選擇性衰落、多普勒頻移和多徑傳輸?shù)葐?wèn)題勢(shì)必對(duì)信號(hào)傳輸帶來(lái)額外的影響。因此,本文對(duì)V2I通信場(chǎng)景下的信號(hào)傳輸進(jìn)行了路測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)數(shù)信號(hào)模型可以較好地反映V2I通信場(chǎng)景的信號(hào)傳輸特性,為后文的仿真提供了理論依據(jù)。IEEE 802.11p協(xié)議中對(duì)PHY層提供了多速率支持,以保障不同信道條件下的通信質(zhì)量,但并沒(méi)有指定MAC層速率選擇及切換的方案。V2I通信場(chǎng)景中通信節(jié)點(diǎn)移動(dòng)性較高,信號(hào)具有快速時(shí)變特性。另外,受限于IEEE 802.11網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋范圍較小,通信節(jié)點(diǎn)駐留時(shí)間往往較短。移動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)在接近繼而遠(yuǎn)離路邊基站的過(guò)程中,接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度在經(jīng)歷短時(shí)間的逐步上升后將馬上轉(zhuǎn)為衰落趨勢(shì)。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種具有快速信道響應(yīng)特性的速率控制算法,解決了現(xiàn)有速率控制算法應(yīng)用于V2I通信時(shí)難以兼顧信道響應(yīng)速度及通信誤碼率的問(wèn)題。仿真結(jié)果從吞吐量、時(shí)延、誤包率三個(gè)方面綜合論證了本文提出的速率控制算法比現(xiàn)有的主流算法更加適用于V2I通信。根據(jù)IEEE 802.11p MAC層的共享信道機(jī)制,網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能與在網(wǎng)用戶數(shù)直接相關(guān)。V2I通信的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)在滿足安全類業(yè)務(wù)Qo S需求的前提下充分利用無(wú)線資源,避免頻譜資源的浪費(fèi)。因此,如何設(shè)計(jì)高效的V2I通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)RSU部署方案,使車載終端能夠無(wú)縫接入,并保障業(yè)務(wù)的Qo S需求具有重要的實(shí)際意義。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本文首先推導(dǎo)了V2I通信在多用戶多速率場(chǎng)景下的時(shí)延及吞吐量的數(shù)學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了極限交通流密度條件下Qo S保障的RSU接入半徑理論界,進(jìn)而提出了面向安全類業(yè)務(wù)的RSU無(wú)縫覆蓋部署策略,解決了V2I通信的Qo S保障問(wèn)題�？紤]到在城市非熱點(diǎn)地區(qū),RSU必然不能大規(guī)模部署。隨著交通流密度的上升,網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載勢(shì)必會(huì)急劇增大,導(dǎo)致接入控制問(wèn)題隨之凸顯。因此,對(duì)于稀疏部署RSU場(chǎng)景的V2I通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),制定合理的接入控制策略具有重要的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種基于模糊Q學(xué)習(xí)的V2I通信接入控制算法,解決了稀疏部署RSU場(chǎng)景下V2I通信安全類業(yè)務(wù)的Qo S保障問(wèn)題。該算法具有自適應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)能力,不需要添加信道模型、網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)、交通參數(shù)等先驗(yàn)知識(shí),具有優(yōu)秀的普適性。仿真結(jié)果表明,該算法可以兼顧網(wǎng)絡(luò)的承載能力及覆蓋范圍,在最大限度保障安全類業(yè)務(wù)Qo S的前提下,使非安全類業(yè)務(wù)盡可能接入,從而使頻譜資源得到充分利用。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest automobile production and consumption country, vehicles have become an important part of the city. With the development of China's economy, city population increasing, the big city in a population of over 1 million, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution has become the daily life of a problem to be solved urgently. At present, many countries in the world are actively seeking solutions to improve traffic efficiency, traffic to the city of intelligent evolution. In this context, as a vehicle networking technology. The wireless communication technology can realize real-time traffic information acquisition, route planning of the vehicle lane change warning, collision warning, Internet access and other intelligent driving function thus, to change the traditional concept of driving, improve the efficiency of city traffic based on the existing city planning. In short, the car will be networked communication technology into the vehicle, traffic engineering Through the field environmental perception, information exchange, information integration to achieve leapfrog development of the traditional industry. The car networking is to the agreed communication protocol and data exchange standard network, wireless communication and information exchange. At present, the academic field mainly car networking technology are divided into two types: vehicles and roadside infrastructure (V2I, Vehicle to Infrastructure) and inter vehicle communication (V2V, Vehicle to Vehicle) communication. Among them, V2I communication allows the running vehicles and roadside infrastructure (RSU Road, Side Unit) to exchange data, and can obtain the traffic information area and even the whole city, to provide the corresponding driving guidance and warning service for each terminal on the basis of the information on the overall integration, in support of business types has more advantages than the V2V communication. Therefore, V2I communication has been a research focus in the field of intelligent transportation, in recent years has been a big The amount of attention. Based on the above considerations, this study mainly aims at the V2I communication. Wireless communication media access control layer (MAC, Media Access Control sublayer) provides media access control function, and the physical layer (PHY, PHYsical layer) to play down the control effect, media access control protocol can efficiently determine the scheduling of channel resources, guarantee the quality of service (Qo S, Quality of Service).V2I communication PHY layer and MAC layer using the IEEE 802.11p protocol. However, the original design of IEEE 802.11 series protocol mainly for indoor low mobility users, to provide best effort communication services. If it is extended to the field of vehicular communication, MAC protocol the existing problems, and can not provide Qo guarantee of S. Aiming at the above problems, this paper on the V2I communication MAC layer media access control technology is studied, focusing on the V2I. The letter rate control, MAC layer DCF performance modeling of multi user multi rate scene and extended RSU deployment strategy based on adaptive access control security service Qo RSU sparse deployment scenarios S security. This paper studies the key technologies of IEEE PHY and MAC 802.11p protocol layer, to provide a theoretical basis for the later work. For PHY, mainly studies the interface parameters of eight kinds of multi carrier modulation encoding based on OFDM, and analyzes the conditions on the channel error rate, packet error rate, communication transmission rate. For the MAC layer, mainly studied several important MAC layer data unit frame structure and several commonly used channel access mechanism considering this study is mainly based on the simulation analysis, the wireless signal transmission model's accuracy is crucial. Traditional researches on IEEE 802.11 protocol channel modeling, communication node is usually considered Stationary or slow motion. Used in V2I communication scenario, because the terminal has high mobility, frequency selective fading signals, Doppler frequency shift and multi-path transmission will bring additional impact on signal transmission. Therefore, the signal transmission of V2I communication scenarios of road test experiments. The log, the signal model can reflect the signal transmission characteristics of V2I communication scenarios, the simulation for the.IEEE 802.11p protocol provides a theoretical basis for the PHY layer provides multi rate support, to ensure the communication quality under different channel conditions, but did not specify the MAC communication node mobility higher layer rate selection and handoff scheme.V2I communication scenarios, signals with fast time-varying characteristics. In addition, due to the IEEE 802.11 network coverage is small, the communication nodes are short dwell time. The mobile node in the The process of close and away from the roadside base station, after a short time will gradually rise to the decline trend of the received signal strength. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a rate control algorithm has the characteristics of fast response channel, solve the existing rate control algorithm applied in V2I communication is difficult to balance the channel response speed and BER problem. The simulation results from the throughput, delay and packet error rate of the three aspects of comprehensive demonstration rate control algorithm is proposed in this paper is more suitable for V2I communication than the existing algorithm. According to the main mechanism of IEEE 802.11p MAC shared channel layer, network performance and should make full use of wireless resources in order to meet the demand of security service Qo S demand in network planning is directly related to the number of users of.V2I communication, to avoid the waste of spectrum resources. Therefore, how to design the V2I RSU efficient communication network The Department of the scheme, the vehicle terminal can be seamless access, has important practical significance and support business Qo S. To solve this problem, this paper presents a mathematical model of delay and throughput of V2I communication in multi-user multi rate scenarios. On this basis, this paper proposes a RSU access radius theory limit traffic flow the density of Qo under the condition of S guarantee, and puts forward the safety oriented business RSU seamless coverage deployment strategy to solve the security problem of S V2I communication Qo. Considering the non hot spots in the city, RSU will not increase with the current density of large-scale deployment. Through the network load will increase sharply, resulting in access control the problem will be highlighted. Therefore, for the deployment of RSU V2I communication network sparse scene, has important practical value to develop reasonable access control strategy. According to the above problems, this paper proposes a V2I access control algorithm based on fuzzy Q learning, to solve the security problem of S sparse deployment of RSU scene V2I communication security service Qo. This algorithm has adaptive learning ability, do not need to add the channel model, the network parameters, traffic parameters such as prior knowledge, general is excellent. The simulation results show that the the algorithm can take into account the capacity of the network and the coverage, in the premise of the maximum security service Qo S, the non security business as much as possible access, so that the spectrum resources are fully utilized.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TP391.44;TN929.5
，

本文編號(hào)：1392900