【摘要】：空氣靜壓電主軸結合高速電主軸和氣體軸承的特點,以其精度高、轉速高、磨損小、清潔度高和運行平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點,在精密和超精密數(shù)控加工機床中獲得廣泛應用。隨著氣體軸承理論研究和應用的發(fā)展,單純研究氣體軸承特性已經(jīng)無法滿足實際設計需求,應該充分考慮氣體軸承和轉子之間的相互耦合作用,尤其是轉子運動對氣體軸承-轉子系統(tǒng)的影響。本文以空氣靜壓電主軸為研究對象,對氣體軸承-轉子系統(tǒng)的流固耦合作用、轉子不同傾斜狀態(tài)對徑向氣體軸承承載力和剛度的影響進行研究,同時對電主軸進行動、靜態(tài)加載實驗,測試電主軸的動靜態(tài)性能。通過建立氣體軸承-轉子系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,運用數(shù)值分析方法進行雙向流固耦合仿真,分析了徑向、軸向加載下氣體軸承-轉子系統(tǒng)的承載特性。研究結果表明,流固耦合過程中轉子位移、軸承氣膜壓力和承載力都是動態(tài)變化過程;系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定平衡后,轉子呈現(xiàn)傾斜狀態(tài),氣膜厚度和壓力分布不均勻;供氣壓力一定時,轉子轉速增高使轉子徑向位移有增大趨勢,提高供氣壓力轉子徑向位移減小,可降低轉子與徑向軸承的碰撞幾率。建立轉子傾斜狀態(tài)下徑向氣體軸承仿真模型,運用CFD方法對其進行流場仿真,分析了徑向氣體軸承在不同轉子傾斜角、轉速、氣膜偏心率狀態(tài)下,承載力和剛度的變化規(guī)律。研究結果表明,轉子靜止時大偏心率下的氣膜承載力隨傾斜角增大而減小;轉子不同轉速下氣膜承載力隨著傾斜角增大而增大,體現(xiàn)了動壓效應對不均勻膜厚的影響;轉子不同轉速下氣膜剛度隨傾斜角增大而增大。搭建空氣靜壓電主軸性能測試實驗平臺,采用非接觸加載方式對空氣靜壓電主軸進行動、靜態(tài)徑向加載實驗,獲得不同負載、供氣壓力、轉速等工況下的轉子軸端位移,并與流固耦合仿真數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析,二者變化趨勢一致,驗證了流固耦合仿真的有效性。
[Abstract]:Combined with the characteristics of high speed motorized spindle and gas bearing, air hydrostatic spindle has been widely used in precision and ultra-precision NC machine tools for its advantages of high precision, high speed, low wear, high cleanliness and smooth operation. With the development of gas bearing theory and application, the study of gas bearing characteristics has been unable to meet the actual design requirements, and the coupling between gas bearing and rotor should be fully considered. Especially the effect of rotor motion on gas bearing-rotor system. In this paper, the hydrostatic motorized spindle is taken as the research object, the fluid-solid coupling effect of the gas bearing-rotor system and the influence of the rotor's different tilting state on the bearing capacity and stiffness of the radial gas bearing are studied. At the same time, the motorized spindle is moved. The static and static performance of the motorized spindle was tested by static loading experiment. By establishing the simulation model of gas bearing-rotor system and using the numerical analysis method to simulate the bidirectional fluid-solid coupling, the bearing characteristics of the gas bearing-rotor system under radial and axial loading are analyzed. The results show that the rotor displacement, bearing film pressure and bearing capacity change dynamically during the fluid-solid coupling process; after the system is stabilized and balanced, the rotor is inclined, the film thickness and pressure distribution is uneven, and the gas supply pressure is constant. With the increase of rotor speed, the radial displacement of the rotor increases and the radial displacement of the rotor decreases with the increase of the air supply pressure, which can reduce the collision probability between the rotor and the radial bearing. The simulation model of radial gas bearing in tilted rotor is established. The flow field of radial gas bearing is simulated by CFD method. The variation of bearing capacity and stiffness under different rotor inclination angle, rotating speed and eccentricity of gas film is analyzed. The results show that the bearing capacity of the film decreases with the increase of the inclined angle when the rotor is at rest, and the bearing capacity of the film increases with the increase of the inclined angle at different rotational speeds, which reflects the effect of dynamic pressure on the non-uniform film thickness. The film stiffness increases with the increase of tilt angle at different rotor speeds. An experimental platform for testing the performance of aerostatic motorized spindle was built. The dynamic and static radial loading experiments were carried out on the aerostatic motorized spindle with non-contact loading mode, and the rotor shaft end displacement was obtained under different load, air supply pressure, rotating speed and other working conditions. Compared with the fluid-solid coupling simulation data, the trend of the two changes is the same, which verifies the effectiveness of the fluid-solid coupling simulation.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659

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