【摘要】：精密機(jī)床在工作過程中受到的外界微幅、寬頻擾動(dòng)問題是影響其加工精度的重要原因,已成為提高國(guó)家裝備制造水平亟待解決的問題。通過在振源與機(jī)床之間安裝隔振裝置可顯著改善精密機(jī)床的工作環(huán)境,但隨著加工機(jī)床精度向微米、亞微米級(jí)的演進(jìn),傳統(tǒng)的被動(dòng)隔振方法難以實(shí)現(xiàn)精密機(jī)床的超靜工作環(huán)境要求,因此,開發(fā)更高品質(zhì)的精密隔振器已成為目前諸多國(guó)際制造商和學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。針對(duì)精密機(jī)床的隔振需求,本文從隔振器新構(gòu)型和能控性兩方面考慮,提出一種可實(shí)現(xiàn)寬頻隔振效果的隔振器設(shè)計(jì)方法,并完成了隔振器的設(shè)計(jì)、分析和測(cè)試,具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)闡述了精密隔振技術(shù)要求,提出一種基于準(zhǔn)零剛度結(jié)構(gòu)的擠壓式磁流變隔振器,對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)組成和工作原理進(jìn)行了分析,闡明了隔振器的剛度解耦特性和半主動(dòng)控制機(jī)理,并基于磁通量一致性原則對(duì)隔振器勵(lì)磁線圈進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。(2)結(jié)合流體力學(xué)和機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué)理論建立了隔振器的集總參數(shù)模型,并采用流-固耦合有限元分析的方法對(duì)模型中的主要參數(shù)進(jìn)行了辨識(shí),為隔振器的動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(3)采用ALE動(dòng)網(wǎng)格技術(shù)建立了隔振器完整的有限元模型,對(duì)隔振器內(nèi)部的流場(chǎng)分布特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬;基于集總參數(shù)模型對(duì)隔振器的動(dòng)剛度和隔振系統(tǒng)的位移傳遞率進(jìn)行了求解和分析。(4)以隔振器的磁場(chǎng)能控性作為約束條件,采用多目標(biāo)遺傳算法對(duì)隔振器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行Pareto優(yōu)化,并通過響應(yīng)面模型闡述了各優(yōu)化變量對(duì)優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的影響,以此實(shí)現(xiàn)Pareto解集的綜合優(yōu)選。搭建了隔振器樣件測(cè)試平臺(tái),對(duì)其在沖擊載荷下的隔振性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試。理論分析及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的隔振器具有較小的低頻動(dòng)剛度,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)良好的寬頻隔振效果,通過對(duì)隔振器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)可進(jìn)一步提高其寬頻隔振性能,滿足精密機(jī)床的隔振需求。
[Abstract]:The external micro-amplitude and wide-band disturbance of precision machine tools are the important reasons that affect the machining accuracy, which has become the urgent problem to be solved to improve the level of national equipment manufacturing. By installing vibration isolators between vibration sources and machine tools, the working environment of precision machine tools can be significantly improved, but as the accuracy of machining machine tools evolves to micron and sub-micron levels, The traditional passive vibration isolation method is difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-static working environment of precision machine tools. Therefore, the development of high quality precision vibration isolators has become a hot and difficult issue for many international manufacturers and scholars. Considering the new configuration and controllability of vibration isolator, a design method of vibration isolator which can realize the effect of wide band vibration isolation is put forward in this paper, and the design, analysis and test of the isolator are completed. The main contents are as follows: (1) the technical requirements of precision vibration isolation are described. A kind of squeeze magnetorheological vibration isolator based on quasi-zero stiffness structure is proposed. The structure composition and working principle are analyzed. The stiffness decoupling characteristics and semi-active control mechanism of the isolator are expounded. Based on the principle of magnetic flux consistency, the excitation coil of the isolator is designed. (2) the lumped parameter model of the isolator is established by combining the hydrodynamics and mechanical dynamics theory. The main parameters of the model are identified by using the fluid-solid coupling finite element analysis method, which lays a foundation for the dynamic characteristic analysis of the isolator. (3) the complete finite element model of the isolator is established by using the ALE dynamic grid technology. The numerical simulation of the flow field distribution in the isolator is carried out, and the dynamic stiffness of the isolator and the displacement transfer rate of the isolation system are solved and analyzed based on lumped parameter model. (4) the magnetic field controllability of the isolator is taken as the constraint condition. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the main structural parameters of the isolator by Pareto, and the influence of each optimization variable on the optimization objective is explained through the response surface model, so as to realize the comprehensive optimal selection of the Pareto solution set. A vibration isolator sample test platform was built to test its vibration isolation performance under impact load. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the designed isolator has a small low frequency dynamic stiffness and can achieve a good wideband vibration isolation effect. The optimum design of the structural parameters of the isolator can further improve its wideband vibration isolation performance. To meet the vibration isolation requirements of precision machine tools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG502.36

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