本文選題：焊接葉盤 + 在機(jī)測(cè)量　； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：整體葉盤是航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)關(guān)鍵部件,隨著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能要求的提高,新型的焊接葉盤被廣泛采用。該類型葉盤具有結(jié)構(gòu)重量輕、零件數(shù)量少、氣動(dòng)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化,但其前期的焊接偏差給葉盤焊接毛坯后續(xù)的精確數(shù)控加工帶來(lái)了極大的困難。針對(duì)該數(shù)控加工困難的問(wèn)題,本文研究了一種適應(yīng)性數(shù)控加工技術(shù),包括接觸式在機(jī)測(cè)量、基于測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的適應(yīng)性曲面建模和葉片根部區(qū)域加工刀軌再生成等研究?jī)?nèi)容,提出一種適合AC雙轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床的接觸式在機(jī)測(cè)量程序生成方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)與葉片根部區(qū)域理論模型相混合的曲面適應(yīng)性建模以及基于曲面映射的加工刀軌生成和優(yōu)化方法,解決按照傳統(tǒng)數(shù)控加工工藝對(duì)葉盤焊接毛坯進(jìn)行數(shù)控加工出現(xiàn)的“臺(tái)階”、過(guò)切以及無(wú)法自動(dòng)生成葉片根部區(qū)域加工刀軌等問(wèn)題。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容:(1)研究了一種AC雙轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床對(duì)焊接葉盤的接觸式在機(jī)測(cè)量技術(shù)。主要包括測(cè)頭的設(shè)定、測(cè)量點(diǎn)的采樣、測(cè)量路徑的規(guī)劃以及在機(jī)測(cè)量程序生成等。通過(guò)生成的測(cè)量程序?qū)θ~片根部區(qū)域進(jìn)行在機(jī)測(cè)量,并將獲得的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,最終可得到測(cè)頭與實(shí)際葉片接觸的實(shí)際接觸點(diǎn)。(2)研究了曲線曲面建模技術(shù)。對(duì)于實(shí)際測(cè)量曲線建模,本文采用了具有公差約束的三次曲線來(lái)擬合測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)不僅可以使曲線盡量通過(guò)實(shí)際接觸點(diǎn),而且可以保證曲線的光順性;對(duì)適應(yīng)性曲面建模,本文選擇焊臺(tái)內(nèi)部一條理論截面曲線和葉片已有型面上兩條實(shí)際測(cè)量曲線,利用這三條曲線來(lái)構(gòu)根部區(qū)域的適應(yīng)性曲面。(3)研究了基于參數(shù)曲面映射的加工刀軌再生成技術(shù)。首先根據(jù)葉片曲面的特點(diǎn)采用以截面線為基礎(chǔ)的UV參數(shù)域來(lái)建立根部區(qū)域理論曲面與適應(yīng)性曲面之間映射關(guān)系,其次通過(guò)刀位軌跡映射獲得適應(yīng)性曲面的加工刀軌,然后提出基于弧弦誤差比較的刀軌步長(zhǎng)調(diào)整方法和基于局部刀軸姿態(tài)二階連續(xù)的刀軸矢量光順?biāo)惴?使得刀軌的最大誤差和刀軸矢量變化符合要求。最后利用焊接葉盤適應(yīng)性數(shù)控加工系統(tǒng)成功完成了對(duì)焊接葉盤測(cè)量和加工的實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)生成的測(cè)量程序和加工代碼的可靠性和相關(guān)算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Integral impeller is the key component of aero-engine. With the improvement of engine performance, the new welding vane is widely used. This type of disc has the advantages of light structure, small number of parts and high aerodynamic efficiency, which can greatly simplify the engine structure. However, the welding deviation in the early stage brings great difficulties to the subsequent accurate NC machining of the blank welding of the blade disk. Aiming at the difficult problem of NC machining, this paper studies a kind of adaptive NC machining technology, including contact-in-machine measurement, adaptive surface modeling based on measurement data and tool track re-generation in blade root area. In this paper, a method of generating in-machine contact measuring program is presented, which is suitable for AC double turntable five-axis linkage NC machine tool. The surface adaptive modeling based on measuring data and the theoretical model of blade root region is realized, and the machining tool track generation and optimization method based on surface mapping is realized. To solve the problems of "step", over-cutting and non-automatic generation of cutting track in machining blade disk welding blank according to the traditional NC machining technology. This paper mainly studies the measurement technology of AC double turntable five-axis linkage NC machine tool for welding vane disk. It mainly includes the setting of probe, sampling of measuring point, planning of measuring path and generating of measuring program in machine. Finally, the actual contact point between the probe and the actual blade can be obtained. Finally, the modeling technology of curve and surface is studied. For the modeling of actual measurement curve, the cubic curve with tolerance constraint is used to fit the measured data, which can not only make the curve pass through the actual contact point as much as possible, but also guarantee the smoothness of the curve. In this paper, a theoretical section curve and two actual measuring curves on the existing blade surface are selected. Using these three curves to construct the adaptive surface of the root region, the machining tool track reconstruction technology based on parametric surface mapping is studied. Firstly, according to the characteristics of blade surface, UV parameter domain based on section line is used to establish the mapping relationship between the theoretical surface of root region and the adaptive surface. Secondly, the machining tool track of adaptive surface is obtained by tool path mapping. Then, a method of adjusting the tool path step size based on the comparison of arc chord errors and a second-order continuous tool axis vector smoothing algorithm based on the local cutter axis attitude are proposed, which make the maximum error of the tool track and the variation of the tool axis vector meet the requirements. Finally, the experiments of measuring and machining the welded vane are successfully completed by using the adaptive NC machining system of welded vane, which verifies the reliability of the measurement program and machining code generated by the system and the validity of the related algorithms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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