本文選題：表面微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具 + 飛秒激光加工　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：刀具磨損是機(jī)械制造加工過程中的關(guān)鍵問題,影響刀具壽命、加工效率和表面質(zhì)量,增加加工成本。刀具切削技術(shù)在不斷的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展,但仍不可避免由于刀具表面與工件之間的強(qiáng)烈擠壓與相互摩擦所造成的刀具表面磨損的問題。仿生學(xué)與摩擦學(xué)大量研究表明,摩擦副表面并不是越光滑越耐磨,表面上一定的微結(jié)構(gòu)能夠改善摩擦副之間的摩擦性能以及減小表面粘接磨損等。本文以此為研究方向,在刀具表面利用飛秒激光加工了典型的表面微結(jié)構(gòu),分析表面微結(jié)構(gòu)的減摩機(jī)理;進(jìn)行了微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具的切削仿真與試驗(yàn)研究,探究微結(jié)構(gòu)的種類及尺寸參數(shù)對切削摩擦特性的影響規(guī)律。首先,選取典型的非光滑仿生微結(jié)構(gòu),即平行溝槽、垂直微溝槽和凹坑微結(jié)構(gòu),分析了刀具表面微結(jié)構(gòu)可能存在的減摩機(jī)理。然后對微結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與尺寸規(guī)劃。用飛秒激光的先進(jìn)加工方式,通過對飛秒激光與硬質(zhì)合金YT15刀具材料的相互作用機(jī)理分析和加工工藝測試,對飛秒激光加工YT15刀具表面微結(jié)構(gòu)的工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化,實(shí)現(xiàn)對微結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸和形貌質(zhì)量的控制,分別在刀具前刀面和后刀面上制備尺寸規(guī)整、形貌質(zhì)量優(yōu)良的微結(jié)構(gòu)其次,采用ABAQUS有限元仿真軟件建立微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具的正交切削三維有限元模型,分別對無微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具和不同類型的微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具進(jìn)行切削#45鋼過程進(jìn)行仿真,得到不同類型的微結(jié)構(gòu)及不同形貌尺寸對刀具表面應(yīng)力分布以及切削力的影響,分析切削過程中的切削力、刀具表面應(yīng)力分布以及切削卷屑的變化。最后,選取#45鋼為工件材料,對于不同類型、不同尺寸微結(jié)構(gòu)的YT15刀具進(jìn)行干切削和切削液潤滑不同條件下的切削對比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明微結(jié)構(gòu)對切削的改善效果不僅與微結(jié)構(gòu)的種類有關(guān),也與切削用量以及切削潤滑條件相關(guān)。在較高切削速度下,切削液存在情況下,平行溝槽效果最明顯,可降低切削力17.74%;對不同尺寸的微結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行切削對比試驗(yàn),得到不同類型微結(jié)構(gòu)的寬度、間距、深度以及面積占有率對刀具減摩效果的影響;并對前、后刀面微結(jié)構(gòu)的對切的改善效果進(jìn)行了探究;分析了微結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)對切削卷屑的影響,最終分析和總結(jié)了微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具的對切削性能的改善效果。研究為微結(jié)構(gòu)刀具技術(shù)的發(fā)展、進(jìn)一步探索微結(jié)構(gòu)作用機(jī)理提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Tool wear is a key problem in machining process, which affects tool life, machining efficiency and surface quality, and increases machining cost. Tool cutting technology is continuously improving and developing, but it is still inevitable that tool surface wear is caused by the strong extrusion and friction between the cutting tool surface and the workpiece. A large number of biomimetic and tribological studies show that the surface of the friction pair is not more smooth and wear-resistant, and a certain microstructure on the surface can improve the friction performance between the friction pairs and reduce the surface adhesion wear and so on. In this paper, the typical surface microstructure is fabricated by femtosecond laser on the tool surface, and the friction reduction mechanism of the surface microstructure is analyzed, and the cutting simulation and experiment of the micro-structure tool are carried out. The influence of the types and dimensions of microstructures on the cutting friction characteristics was investigated. Firstly, typical non-smooth bionic microstructures, namely parallel grooves, vertical microgrooves and pit microstructures, are selected to analyze the possible friction reduction mechanism of the surface microstructures. Then the design and size planning of microstructures are carried out. By analyzing the interaction mechanism between femtosecond laser and cemented carbide YT15 cutting tool material and testing the machining technology, the process parameters of femtosecond laser machining YT15 tool surface were optimized by using the advanced processing method of femtosecond laser. In order to control the size and morphology quality of the microstructures, the size of the microstructures on the front and rear face of the cutting tools were prepared respectively, and the microstructures with excellent morphology and quality were then prepared. Abaqus finite element simulation software is used to establish the 3D finite element model of orthogonal cutting of microstructural cutting tools. The process of cutting #45 steel without microstructural tools and different types of microstructural cutters is simulated respectively. The effects of different types of microstructures and different morphologies on the stress distribution and cutting force on the surface of the cutting tool were obtained. The cutting force, the stress distribution on the surface of the cutting tool and the change of the cutting coil were analyzed. Finally, #45 steel was selected as workpiece material, and YT15 cutting tools with different types and sizes were tested under different conditions of dry cutting and lubricated by cutting fluid. The results show that the effect of microstructures on cutting is not only related to the types of microstructures, but also to the cutting parameters and cutting lubrication conditions. In the case of high cutting speed, the effect of parallel grooves is the most obvious in the presence of cutting fluid, and the cutting force can be reduced by 17.74.The width and spacing of different types of microstructures are obtained by comparing cutting experiments with different sizes of microstructures. The effect of depth and area occupancy on the anti-friction effect of the cutting tool, the improvement of the cutting effect of the micro structure of the front and rear cutter face, and the influence of the parameters of the microstructural dimension on the cutting coil chip are analyzed. Finally, the effect of microstructural cutting tools on cutting performance is analyzed and summarized. The research provides a basis for the development of microstructural tool technology and the further exploration of the mechanism of microstructural action.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG71;TG665

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