本文選題：析出相 + 晶體結構�。� 參考：《中國材料進展》2017年06期

【摘要】：材料基因工程是鋁合金實現高效設計的必經途徑,而定量結構表征是鋁合金設計和制造知識系統(tǒng)中關于微結構模擬及其控制的不可或缺的輸入及驗證。對鋁合金而言,定量的微納尺度結構表征包括精準的物相晶體結構鑒定、成分測定等,以及在此基礎上進行的物相尺寸、數密度及體積分數等關鍵結構參數的精準測量。以Al-Mg-Si(-Cu)合金為例,綜述了系列表征技術在鋁合金微納結構定量表征中的應用。首先,指出高分辨透射電子顯微術、高角環(huán)形暗場及環(huán)形明場掃描透射電子顯微術等技術對研究鋁合金中常見的納米析出相的原子尺度結構有明顯的優(yōu)勢,但是也存在電子束損傷高的風險;三維原子探針尤其適合對原子團簇及納米析出相進行精準的成分測定,但也存在樣品小、破壞性檢測、無法達到原子分辨率的問題;而選區(qū)電子衍射等傳統(tǒng)技術則正好與之互補,同時低電壓、低劑量率的高分辨TEM觀察也是未來值得努力的方向之一。其次,介紹了最近發(fā)展起來的一種主要基于傳統(tǒng)的會聚束電子衍射來測量納米析出相體積分數的精準易行的方法。最后,指出在未來研究中,結合前述納米至原子尺度結構表征手段以及聚焦離子束連續(xù)切片法、電子全息照相術、X射線納米全息照相術等微米-納米之間尺度的表征手段對鋁合金實現多過程、跨尺度定量結構表征的意義,并指出基于原位加熱TEM觀察來實現動態(tài)結構表征是未來的重要發(fā)展方向之一。
[Abstract]:Material genetic engineering is a necessary way to realize high efficiency design of aluminum alloy. Quantitative structural characterization is an indispensable input and verification of microstructure simulation and control in aluminum alloy design and manufacturing knowledge system. For aluminum alloys, quantitative characterization of micro- and nanoscale structures includes accurate identification of phase crystal structure, determination of composition, and accurate measurement of key structural parameters such as phase size, number density and volume fraction. Taking Al-Mg-Si-Cu) alloy as an example, the application of a series of characterization techniques in quantitative characterization of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy was reviewed. Firstly, it is pointed out that the techniques of high resolution transmission electron microscopy, high angle ring dark field and ring open field scanning transmission electron microscopy have obvious advantages in studying the atom-scale structures of the common nano-precipitated phases in aluminum alloys. However, there is also the risk of high electron beam damage. Three-dimensional atomic probe is especially suitable for accurate determination of atomic clusters and nano-precipitates, but there are also the problems of small sample size and destructive detection, which can not achieve atomic resolution. Traditional techniques, such as selective electron diffraction, complement each other, and high resolution TEM observation with low voltage and low dose rate is one of the promising directions in the future. Secondly, a recently developed method for measuring the volume fraction of nanocrystalline precipitates based on conventional convergent beam electron diffraction is introduced. Finally, it is pointed out that in the future research, the method of characterization of nano- to atom-scale structures and the focused ion beam continuous slice method are used. Electron holography and X-ray nanoscale holography and other means of characterization between micron and nanometer scales are of significance for the quantitative characterization of aluminum alloys by means of multi-process and cross-scale quantification. It is pointed out that dynamic structure characterization based on in-situ heating TEM observation is one of the important development directions in the future.
【作者單位】： 中南大學粉末冶金國家重點實驗室中德鋁合金微結構聯合實驗室;中鋁科學技術研究院有限公司;中南大學材料科學與工程學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金資助項目(51501230,51531009) 中國博士后基金面上項目(2016M600634)
【分類號】：TG146.21

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