本文選題：超級(jí)電容器 + 煉焦副產(chǎn)物　； 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤作為我國(guó)主要的化石能源之一,在我國(guó)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)中占有不可替代的地位。煤碳化煉焦是煤碳利用的主要途徑之一,副產(chǎn)大量的煤焦油、煤瀝青和蒽油。本文分別以煉焦副產(chǎn)物煤焦油、煤瀝青、蒽油為碳源,Mg(OH)_2為模板前驅(qū)體,KOH為活化劑,通過(guò)高溫活化、碳化,制備超級(jí)電容器用多孔碳納米片(Porous carbon nanosheets,PCNSs)。通過(guò)透射電鏡、掃描電鏡和氮吸脫附等手段對(duì)所得PCNSs的形貌和孔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征。采用恒流充放電、循環(huán)伏安等技術(shù)研究其電化學(xué)性能。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)以煤焦油為碳源,Mg(OH)_2為模板前驅(qū)體,KOH為活化劑時(shí),當(dāng)三種原料的質(zhì)量分別為5 g、10 g、20 g,活化終溫是800℃時(shí)得到的多孔碳納米片(PCNS_(20-800))的比表面積為3235 m2 g~(-1),平均孔徑為2.24 nm。在0.05 A g~(-1)時(shí),PCNS_(20-800)的比容達(dá)296 F g~(-1);在20 A g~(-1)時(shí),為220 F g~(-1),其容量保持率為74.32%,顯示了高的容量和好的速率性能。在低掃速和高掃速下,其循環(huán)伏安曲線均呈現(xiàn)類矩形形狀,顯示了很好的雙電層特性。PCNS_(20-800)的接觸內(nèi)阻僅為0.029Ω,顯示了很好的導(dǎo)電性能。在5 A g~(-1),10000次循環(huán)之后,PCNS_(20-800)的比容保持率為97.2%,顯示了極好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。(2)以煤焦油蒸餾所得殘?jiān)簽r青為碳源,Mg(OH)_2為模板前驅(qū)體,KOH為活化劑,三者質(zhì)量分別為3 g、18 g、18 g,活化終溫為800℃時(shí),制得多孔碳納米片材料(PCNS_(18-800))的比表面積達(dá)3145 m2 g~(-1),平均孔徑為2.3 nm。在0.05 A g~(-1)的條件下,PCNS_(18-800)的比容為272 F g~(-1),在20 A g~(-1)的條件下,其比容為217 F g~(-1),容量保持率為79.78%,顯示了較好的保持率。在5 A g~(-1)電流密度下,恒流充放電循環(huán)10000次后,其比容保持率達(dá)96.69%,顯示了很好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。(3)以煤焦油蒸餾過(guò)后所得較輕的組分蒽油為碳源,Mg(OH)_2為模板前驅(qū)體,KOH為活化劑,三者質(zhì)量分別是12 g、12 g、24 g保持不變,改變活化溫度,當(dāng)活化溫度900℃時(shí),制備的多孔碳納米片(PCNS_(900))的比表面積為2087m2 g~(-1),平均孔徑為2.7 nm。PCNS_(900)在0.05 A g~(-1)時(shí),其比容為245 F g~(-1),20 A g~(-1)時(shí),其比容為201 F g~(-1),容量保持率為82.04%。PCNS_(900)在5 A g~(-1)時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)5000次循環(huán)后,其保持率為96.52%,顯示了很好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:As one of the main fossil energy in China, coal plays an irreplaceable role in the energy structure of our country. Coal carbonization is one of the main ways of coal carbon utilization. Coal tar, coal tar and anthracene oil are produced by coal carbonization. In this paper, coking by-product coal tar, coal pitch, anthracene oil as carbon source MgOHHZ2 as template precursor, Koh as activator, through high temperature activation and carbonization, the porous carbon nanosheaths for supercapacitor were prepared. The morphology and pore structure of PCNSs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The electrochemical performance was studied by constant current charge / discharge and cyclic voltammetry. The main contents are as follows: (1) when coal tar is used as carbon source and MgOHN _ 2 as template precursor and Koh as activator, when the mass of three kinds of raw materials is 5 g / 10 g ~ (20 g), and the final activation temperature is 800 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1902006