本文選題：固體儲(chǔ)氫 + 物理吸附�。� 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：化石能源已經(jīng)瀕臨枯竭,同時(shí)由于其大量使用,給地球環(huán)境帶來(lái)了巨大負(fù)面影響。尋找一種儲(chǔ)量豐富、清潔、可再生的新型能源迫在眉睫。氫氣是未來(lái)的一種理想燃料,但是它必須從水或其他化合物中生產(chǎn)出來(lái),所以目前只能說(shuō)是一種能量載體而非能源。要實(shí)現(xiàn)氫的大規(guī)模使用必須先解決氫氣的生產(chǎn)和儲(chǔ)存問(wèn)題。在這些問(wèn)題中,氫氣的安全儲(chǔ)運(yùn)是氫能應(yīng)用需要解決的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),普通的壓縮儲(chǔ)氫和液態(tài)儲(chǔ)氫花費(fèi)大、存在安全隱患,而且其能量密度分別只有4.4 MJ/L和8.4 MJ/L,與汽油31.6 MJ/L的能量密度相差甚遠(yuǎn)。理想的儲(chǔ)氫方法是固態(tài)儲(chǔ)氫,即在常溫常壓附近將氫氣吸附在某種固體材料上。美國(guó)能源部制定的未來(lái)儲(chǔ)氫目標(biāo)是質(zhì)量百分比為7.5 wt%,體積密度為70g/L,操作溫度為-40—85℃,壓強(qiáng)為120 bar,6 kg氫氣的充氣時(shí)間小于3分鐘,整個(gè)儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)要安全、耐用、便宜。固體儲(chǔ)氫可粗略分為兩類:物理吸附和化學(xué)吸附。物理吸附的主要材料為大比表面積多孔材料,如活性炭,納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料和金屬有機(jī)骨架化合物等,這類材料在77 K時(shí)有很大的氫氣吸附量,但在298 K時(shí)其儲(chǔ)氫量卻不足1 wt%。物理吸附在室溫下的儲(chǔ)氫量之所以很低是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c氫分子的相互作用太弱,其結(jié)合能小于10 kJ/mol。關(guān)于物理吸附的理想結(jié)合能,科學(xué)家們具有不同的觀點(diǎn),本文基于Langmuir單層吸附模型分析了壓強(qiáng)、溫度和吸附熱對(duì)物理吸附的影響。推薦的物理吸附壓強(qiáng)為50—100 bar,在室溫下要實(shí)現(xiàn)最大吸附,其結(jié)合能必須達(dá)到-33.5 kJ/mol。
[Abstract]:Fossil energy has been on the verge of exhaustion and has brought great negative effects to the earth's environment due to its extensive use. It is urgent to find a new energy source which is rich in reserves, clean and renewable. Hydrogen is an ideal fuel for the future, but it must be produced from water or other compounds, so for now it can only be said to be an energy carrier rather than a source of energy. In order to realize the large-scale use of hydrogen, the production and storage of hydrogen must be solved first. Among these problems, the safe storage and transportation of hydrogen is a key technology to be solved in hydrogen energy application. The energy density is 4.4 MJ/L and 8.4 MJ / L, respectively, which is very different from that of gasoline for 31.6 MJ/L. The ideal hydrogen storage method is solid hydrogen storage, that is, hydrogen is adsorbed on a solid material near normal temperature and pressure. The future hydrogen storage target set by the US Department of Energy is 7.5 wts mass percent, 70 g / L bulk density, -40-85 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1806159