本文選題：煤矸石提鉛渣　切入點(diǎn)：硅酸鈉　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煤矸石是我國(guó)產(chǎn)量最大的工業(yè)固體廢棄物之一,大量的煤矸石露天堆存,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞。目前煤矸石的主要利用方式以煤矸石發(fā)電、回填、生產(chǎn)建工、建材為主,煤矸石的利用方式粗放、利用率較低。煤矸石中含有大量A1203. Si02,從煤矸石中提取氧化鋁是其高值化利用的重要途徑之一,但是到目前煤矸石提鋁技術(shù)大都存在過程物耗能耗高、廢液廢渣排放量大、二次污染嚴(yán)重以及產(chǎn)品附加值低等問題,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化�？紤]到煤矸石提鋁渣中的主要成分為Si02(60～90wt.%),因此,以煤矸石提鋁廢渣為原料制備硅系高附加值產(chǎn)品成為降低煤矸石提鋁工藝的廢物排放、減少二次污染、實(shí)現(xiàn)煤矸石高值化綜合利用的重要研究方向之一課題組前期研究了煤矸石提鋁廢渣與碳酸鈉低溫共熔結(jié)合高壓水溶技術(shù)制備高純度硅酸鈉的新方法,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備出了高純度、高溶解度的硅酸鈉產(chǎn)品,探討了廢渣中氧化硅與碳酸鈉低溫共熔機(jī)制以及氧化鋁對(duì)共熔溫度、產(chǎn)品純度和溶解度的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文分析了新工藝工程化可能遇到問題,如固態(tài)熔融反應(yīng)過程中硅酸鈉出料難、白炭黑質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定等。對(duì)以煤矸石提鋁渣制備白炭黑的工藝進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化研究,并進(jìn)行了年產(chǎn)3000噸白炭黑項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)果如下：(1)針對(duì)工程化可能遇到的問題,提出了解決方案,優(yōu)化了工藝條件：①硅酸鈉在790-850℃下粘度大,靜態(tài)固相反應(yīng)過程中,易附著于反應(yīng)器內(nèi)壁,難以出料,采取回轉(zhuǎn)窯動(dòng)態(tài)固相反應(yīng),解決了硅酸鈉的出料問題,且連續(xù)生產(chǎn)相較于間歇式生產(chǎn)存在操作方便、能耗低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；②煤矸石提鋁渣中雜質(zhì)A1203的含量,對(duì)Si02的溶出率及水玻璃質(zhì)量存在著一定影響,且不同產(chǎn)地、批次的煤矸石組成以及鋁的提取率差異顯著,為了得到質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定的白炭黑,采取添加石英砂控制提鋁渣中A1203含量的方法來保證整個(gè)工藝路線的穩(wěn)定,石英砂的添加量按A1203總含量占混合物料總質(zhì)量的5%計(jì)算；③采取噴霧離心干燥的方式提高白炭黑產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,進(jìn)料固含量20%,噴霧干燥進(jìn)口溫度300℃、出口溫度110℃。(2)進(jìn)行了年產(chǎn)3000噸白炭黑項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)。首先確定了工藝流程,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)各單元操作進(jìn)行了物料衡算,對(duì)主要設(shè)備進(jìn)行了物料衡算,匯總得出物料平衡總表,經(jīng)計(jì)算,生產(chǎn)1噸白炭黑可消納煤矸石提鋁渣0.68噸、消耗石英砂0.68噸、純堿0.99噸,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生制磚廢渣0.34噸。根據(jù)物料衡算、能量衡算的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了主要設(shè)備的選型與設(shè)計(jì),確定了主要設(shè)備的規(guī)格與型號(hào),并繪制了工藝流程圖。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is one of the most productive industrial solid wastes in China. A large amount of coal gangue is stored in open air, which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment. At present, the main ways of utilization of coal gangue are coal gangue power generation, backfill, production and construction. The coal gangue contains a large amount of A1203.Si02.The extraction of alumina from coal gangue is one of the important ways of its high value utilization. However, at present, most of the technologies of extracting aluminum from coal gangue have many problems, such as high consumption of energy, large amount of waste residue, serious secondary pollution and low added value of products, etc. It is difficult to achieve industrialization. Considering that the main component in the aluminum extraction slag from coal gangue is Si02A6090wt., therefore, the preparation of high value-added products of silicon series from coal gangue aluminum extraction residue as raw material will reduce the waste discharge and reduce secondary pollution in the aluminum extraction process of coal gangue, One of the important research directions of realizing high value comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, a new method for the preparation of high purity sodium silicate by low temperature eutectic and high pressure water solution of waste aluminum residue and sodium carbonate from coal gangue has been studied in this paper, and a high purity of sodium silicate has been prepared in laboratory. The low temperature eutectic mechanism of silica and sodium carbonate in waste residue and the effect of alumina on eutectic temperature, product purity and solubility are discussed. For example, it is difficult to discharge sodium silicate and the quality of silica is unstable in the process of solid melt reaction. The process of preparing silica from aluminum residue from coal gangue has been optimized. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) in view of the problems that may be encountered in engineering, the solution is put forward, and the technological conditions are optimized. The viscosity of sodium silicate is high at 790-850 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1564037