二元硫化物的合成與特性表征分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 05:56
【摘要】：近代以來(lái),能源一直是人們生活中至關(guān)重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),其在人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展、生產(chǎn)力進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面起到重要作用。而如今,這些能源主要來(lái)源于煤、石油、天然氣等資源,而這些資源又為不可再生資源,且在使用過(guò)程中,會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的污染氣體,危害人類(lèi)生存環(huán)境。因此,開(kāi)發(fā)、開(kāi)采新型、清潔、可再生能源則是當(dāng)今重大問(wèn)題。太陽(yáng)能作為一種新型清潔能源越來(lái)越受到人們的青睞,因而科研人員生產(chǎn)制造出了一系列太陽(yáng)能電池,來(lái)更好的利用太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)生能量。傳統(tǒng)的硅基太陽(yáng)能電池已經(jīng)投入到生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中,并取得了較好的成果,然而,硅基太陽(yáng)能電池在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,會(huì)產(chǎn)生污染環(huán)境的物質(zhì),因此,在未來(lái)的發(fā)展中,硅基太陽(yáng)能電池的發(fā)展會(huì)受到限制。另一種新型的太陽(yáng)能電池,是銅銦鎵硒太陽(yáng)能電池,然而該種電池中所含有的鎵、銦元素,是地球存儲(chǔ)中的稀有元素,含量較少,不利于大量使用,另外,這兩種元素具有一定的毒性,這一問(wèn)題也在很大的程度上,限制了銅銦鎵硒這類(lèi)太陽(yáng)能電池的大批量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用。因此,需要我們研發(fā)出多種材料用于新型太陽(yáng)能電池,來(lái)解決目前面臨的限制,解決問(wèn)題。本文主要研究了兩種二元的硫族化合物:硫化鉛(PbS)和硫化鐵(FeS_2),二者均可用于太陽(yáng)能電池生產(chǎn)中,且已被證明的成果表明,采用二者制成的太陽(yáng)能電池具有較高的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。本文主要內(nèi)容為采用簡(jiǎn)便方法合成二元硫族化合物,并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)形貌進(jìn)行表征分析,主要內(nèi)容分為兩個(gè)方面:1.兩種方法合成PbS納米顆粒及其性能表征:首先,采用醋酸鉛[Pb(Ac)_2·3H_2O]為鉛源,硫代乙酰胺(TAA)為硫源,以十二烷基硫酸鈉、十六烷基三甲基溴化銨,即SDS和CTAB,共同作為表面活性劑,在常溫下成功合成了PbS納米晶,利用XRD、紫外-可見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì)、SEM、TEM等,對(duì)合成產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌以及光學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了表征分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)合成的PbS為尺寸均勻的球形納米晶,對(duì)合成的PbS納米晶的形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行了初探,結(jié)果表明常溫下合成的PbS,在SDS的烷基鏈模板、CTAB產(chǎn)生的微膠束軟模板的共同作用下,生成球狀PbS納米晶。其次,采用熱注入法制備了納米片狀的PbS納米材料,所的產(chǎn)物為形貌均勻,大小為200-300nm的納米片,該方法較簡(jiǎn)便,操作簡(jiǎn)單,且反應(yīng)時(shí)間較短,便于大規(guī)模工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。2.采用溶劑熱法,以硝酸鐵九水合物[Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O]為鐵源,L-半胱氨酸為硫源,乙醇胺、去離子水為反應(yīng)溶劑,一步合成硫化鐵納米顆粒。由于乙醇胺在反應(yīng)過(guò)程中起到了重要的催化作用,因此通過(guò)改變乙醇胺和去離子水的體積比,成功合成了不同形貌、不同結(jié)構(gòu)的硫化鐵納米顆粒,采用XRD、SEM對(duì)不同的產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征分析,并對(duì)每種形貌的產(chǎn)物的生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分析討論。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, energy has been the vital material basis of people's life, which plays an important role in the development of human society, the progress of productivity and economic growth. Nowadays, these sources of energy mainly come from coal, oil, natural gas and other resources, and these resources are non-renewable resources, and in the process of use, a large number of pollution gases will be produced, which will harm the human living environment. Therefore, the development, exploitation of new, clean, renewable energy is a major issue today. Solar energy as a new clean energy is more and more popular, so researchers have produced a series of solar cells to make better use of solar energy to generate energy. Traditional silicon based solar cells have been put into production and application, and good results have been obtained. However, in the production process, silicon based solar cells will produce substances that pollute the environment, therefore, in the future development, The development of silicon-based solar cells will be limited. Another new type of solar cell is the copper indium gallium selenium solar cell. However, the gallium and indium elements contained in the cell are rare elements in the earth's storage, which are not conducive to extensive use. These two elements are toxic to a certain extent, which limits the mass production of solar cells such as copper, indium, gallium, selenium and so on. Therefore, we need to develop a variety of materials for new solar cells to solve the current constraints, solve the problem. In this paper, two binary sulfur compounds, lead sulphide (PbS) and iron sulfide (FeS_2), have been studied. Both of them can be used in the production of solar cells. The solar cells made of both have high conversion efficiency. The main contents of this paper are the synthesis of binary sulfur compounds by simple method and the characterization and analysis of their structure and morphology. The main contents are as follows: 1. PbS nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods. Firstly, lead acetate [Pb (Ac) _ 2 3H_2O] was used as lead source, thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as lead source. PbS nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by using SDS and CTAB, as surfactants at room temperature. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM,TEM and so on. It was found that the synthesized PbS was a spherical nanocrystalline with uniform size. The formation mechanism of the synthesized PbS nanocrystalline was studied. The results showed that the synthesized PbS, was combined with the SDS alkyl chain template and the micromicelle soft template produced by CTAB at room temperature. Spherical PbS nanocrystals were formed. Secondly, PbS nanomaterials with uniform morphology and size of 200-300nm were prepared by thermal injection method. The method is simple, the operation is simple, and the reaction time is short, which is convenient for large-scale industrial production. Iron sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with Fe (NO_3) _ 3 9H_2O as Tie Yuan, L-cysteine as sulfur source, ethanolamine and deionized water as reaction solvent. Since ethanolamine plays an important catalytic role in the reaction process, different morphologies and structures of iron sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by changing the volume ratio of ethanolamine to deionized water, using XRD,. The different products were characterized by SEM, and the growth process of each kind of products was analyzed and discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O611.4;TM914.4
本文編號(hào)：2385456
[Abstract]:Since modern times, energy has been the vital material basis of people's life, which plays an important role in the development of human society, the progress of productivity and economic growth. Nowadays, these sources of energy mainly come from coal, oil, natural gas and other resources, and these resources are non-renewable resources, and in the process of use, a large number of pollution gases will be produced, which will harm the human living environment. Therefore, the development, exploitation of new, clean, renewable energy is a major issue today. Solar energy as a new clean energy is more and more popular, so researchers have produced a series of solar cells to make better use of solar energy to generate energy. Traditional silicon based solar cells have been put into production and application, and good results have been obtained. However, in the production process, silicon based solar cells will produce substances that pollute the environment, therefore, in the future development, The development of silicon-based solar cells will be limited. Another new type of solar cell is the copper indium gallium selenium solar cell. However, the gallium and indium elements contained in the cell are rare elements in the earth's storage, which are not conducive to extensive use. These two elements are toxic to a certain extent, which limits the mass production of solar cells such as copper, indium, gallium, selenium and so on. Therefore, we need to develop a variety of materials for new solar cells to solve the current constraints, solve the problem. In this paper, two binary sulfur compounds, lead sulphide (PbS) and iron sulfide (FeS_2), have been studied. Both of them can be used in the production of solar cells. The solar cells made of both have high conversion efficiency. The main contents of this paper are the synthesis of binary sulfur compounds by simple method and the characterization and analysis of their structure and morphology. The main contents are as follows: 1. PbS nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods. Firstly, lead acetate [Pb (Ac) _ 2 3H_2O] was used as lead source, thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as lead source. PbS nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by using SDS and CTAB, as surfactants at room temperature. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM,TEM and so on. It was found that the synthesized PbS was a spherical nanocrystalline with uniform size. The formation mechanism of the synthesized PbS nanocrystalline was studied. The results showed that the synthesized PbS, was combined with the SDS alkyl chain template and the micromicelle soft template produced by CTAB at room temperature. Spherical PbS nanocrystals were formed. Secondly, PbS nanomaterials with uniform morphology and size of 200-300nm were prepared by thermal injection method. The method is simple, the operation is simple, and the reaction time is short, which is convenient for large-scale industrial production. Iron sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with Fe (NO_3) _ 3 9H_2O as Tie Yuan, L-cysteine as sulfur source, ethanolamine and deionized water as reaction solvent. Since ethanolamine plays an important catalytic role in the reaction process, different morphologies and structures of iron sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by changing the volume ratio of ethanolamine to deionized water, using XRD,. The different products were characterized by SEM, and the growth process of each kind of products was analyzed and discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O611.4;TM914.4
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