【摘要】：生物質(zhì)指由綠色植物直接或間接利用太陽能進行光合作用而形成的有機物質(zhì),是一種重要的可再生資源。由于世界范圍的能源危機以及相關(guān)的環(huán)境污染日益加重,木質(zhì)生物質(zhì)能源的可再生性和環(huán)境友好性引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。生物質(zhì)能通過加氫裂解、熱解、氣化、液化以及直接燃燒等方式轉(zhuǎn)化為能源。木質(zhì)生物質(zhì)通�？稍诟邷叵逻M行催化加氫,得到含苯環(huán)的小分子物質(zhì),可用于化學品、石油類產(chǎn)品等的制備。而熱解生物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生生物油是生物質(zhì)能源轉(zhuǎn)化的另一種方式,得到的副產(chǎn)物生物炭是一種具有多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的堅固的碳框架,常被用以進行土壤修復以及碳封存。但是其對于土壤性質(zhì)及土壤生物的影響一直存在爭議,近年來,許多研究關(guān)注生物炭材料的其它應(yīng)用。例如將生物炭進行修飾改性后,可用于有機污染物和重金屬吸附；而將生物炭作為基底材料負載金屬納米顆粒,則可用于催化有機物轉(zhuǎn)化等。本文主要研究利用快速熱解方式制備負載金屬的催化劑,并且研究其在木質(zhì)素加氫反應(yīng)中的催化作用。此外,我們研究了將不同來源的生物炭應(yīng)用于土壤修復時可能發(fā)生的生物毒性影響,主要的研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下：1.利用快速熱解裝置一步熱解浸漬鎳鹽和鉬鹽的鋸末,得到負載納米金屬鎳和碳化鉬的生物炭催化劑Ni-Mo2C/C。將其應(yīng)用于木質(zhì)素加氫催化,得到的液體產(chǎn)物通過GC-MS分析產(chǎn)物類型及產(chǎn)率,結(jié)果表明添加催化劑反應(yīng)組中,產(chǎn)物相比對照組明顯增多且選擇性增加。2.利用傳統(tǒng)化學還原法將鎳鹽和鉬鹽還原于同樣條件制備的生物炭上,得到催化劑材料(Ni-MoO2/C)應(yīng)用于木質(zhì)素加氫催化,并沒有得到與Ni-Mo2C/C類似的良好效果,證明一步熱解方法具有顯著的優(yōu)越性。結(jié)合TEM, XRD, XPS等表征以及GC-MS產(chǎn)物分布推測可能的反應(yīng)機理,納米鎳和碳化鉬顆粒能有效進攻碳氧雙鍵,且石墨化的碳基底結(jié)構(gòu)能幫助催化劑上電子轉(zhuǎn)移。3.利用不同生物質(zhì)材料(稻殼、鋸末、蒲草)在相同條件下通過快速熱解得到生物炭材料,并且研究其提取液對于植物(小麥)、動物(秀麗桿隱線蟲)、微生物(銅綠假單胞菌)的生長影響。結(jié)果表明,稻殼、鋸末類生物炭浸出液對生物生長影響較小,而蒲草類生物質(zhì)浸出液嚴重抑制生物生長,特別是對秀麗桿隱線蟲具有劇烈毒性。
[Abstract]:Biomass, which is an important renewable resource, refers to the organic matter formed by the direct or indirect use of solar energy for photosynthesis by green plants. Due to the worldwide energy crisis and the increasing environmental pollution, the regeneration and environmental friendliness of wood biomass energy have attracted wide attention. Biomass energy is converted into energy by hydrocracking, pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction and direct combustion. Wood biomass can be hydrogenated at high temperature to obtain small molecular substances containing benzene ring, which can be used in the preparation of chemicals, petroleum products and so on. Pyrolysis biomass to produce bio-oil is another way of biomass energy conversion. The by-product biochar is a porous structure of a solid carbon framework, often used for soil remediation and carbon sequestration. However, its influence on soil properties and soil organisms has been controversial. In recent years, many researches have focused on other applications of biochar materials. For example, modified biochar can be used to adsorb organic pollutants and heavy metals, while biochar can be used as substrate material to support metal nanoparticles, which can be used to catalyze organic conversion and so on. In this paper, the catalyst supported on metal was prepared by rapid pyrolysis, and its catalytic effect in hydrogenation of lignin was studied. In addition, we studied the possible toxic effects of biochar from different sources on soil remediation. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Using a rapid pyrolysis device, the sawdust of nickel salt and molybdenum salt was pyrolyzed in one step, and the biocarbon catalyst Ni-Mo2C/C. supported on nano-nickel and molybdenum carbide was obtained. The liquid product was analyzed by GC-MS for the type and yield of lignin hydrogenation. The results showed that the products in the reaction group increased significantly and selectivity was increased compared with the control group. The nickel salt and molybdenum salt were reduced to biochar under the same conditions by the traditional chemical reduction method. The catalyst material (Ni-MoO2/C) was applied to the hydrogenation of lignin, and the effect was not similar to that of Ni-Mo2C/C. It is proved that the one-step pyrolysis method has obvious advantages. Combined with the TEM, XRD, XPS characterization and the possible reaction mechanism of GC-MS products distribution, the nickel and molybdenum carbide nanoparticles can effectively attack the carbon-oxygen double bond, and the graphitized carbon substrate structure can help the electron transfer on the catalyst. Using different biomass materials (rice husk, sawdust, cattlegrass) under the same conditions, the biochar materials were obtained by rapid pyrolysis, and the extracts of biochar were studied for plants (wheat) and animals (Cryptonematodes elegans). Effects of microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on growth. The results showed that rice husks and sawdust biochar leachate had little effect on biological growth, while the biomass extract of Cattlegrass seriously inhibited biological growth, especially to Cryptonematodes elegans.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O643.36

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