鉑鎳催化劑的制備及其氫—水汽相催化交換性能研究
[Abstract]:Hydrogen-water vapor phase catalytic exchange (VPCE) is one of the important methods for detritium removal and heavy water production. In recent years, China's inland nuclear power plants have developed rapidly and are expected to build the first batch of inland nuclear power plants in China. The VPCE process is an important method for detritium removal in water. A series of catalysts with different loadings were prepared by liquid-phase impregnation-hydrogen reduction method with Ni as the main active metal and A1203 as the main carrier. The catalytic performance of hydrogen-water isotope vapor phase catalytic exchange reaction provides data support for optimizing operation parameters and predicting exchange performance of VPCE. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Selecting cheap metal Ni as active metal, A1203 as the main carrier material of catalyst, and selecting liquid impregnation-hydrogen reduction process. Regular ceramic catalysts and granular catalysts with different loading ratios were prepared by the process. The results of SEM, XRD and other means showed that the catalyst component content was simple, only containing substrate materials and active metal elements. Active metal and substrate were closely bonded. 2. A complete balance experimental system was designed and built. The results show that the catalytic performance of Ni catalyst with high loading ratio is slightly higher than that of Pt catalyst with low loading ratio. The experimental temperature is about 200 C and the feed deuterium is about 200 C. When the deuterium concentration is 5%, the deuterium concentration in the outlet gas of Ni (10%) catalyst is 1.41%, which is higher than that of Pt (0.5%) catalyst when the deuterium concentration in the outlet gas is 1.32%. When the experimental temperature is 140 ~C, the result of Ni catalyst is 1.33% and that of Pt catalyst is 1.23%. The bigger the reaction separation factor is, that is, under the same experimental temperature and different pressure conditions, the experimental value of the reaction separation factor a = 0.42 (P = 303kPa) a = 0.40 (P = 193kPa) a = 0.28 (P = 108kPa) a = 0.26 (P = 101kPa); the higher the reaction temperature, the higher the deuterium concentration of the outlet gas at equilibrium. The influence of the feed ratio on the reaction results is that the deuterium concentration of the outlet gas is 4:1,3:1,2:1,1:1,1:2,1:1,1:2,1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4 in the final equilibrium, which can be selected according to the process cost and the concentration of the exhaust gas. From the repeatability experiment of the system, it can be seen that the repeatability of different catalysts at different temperatures is good, the system is reliable and stable. 3. A set of counter-current VPCE process equipment is designed and built. A series of catalyst performance studies and VPCE process parameters calculation are carried out by using a variety of catalysts. The lower the hydrogen flow rate, the higher the outlet deuterium concentration, the 5% deuterium concentration in the feed deuterium water, the 0.2L/min:64ml/h, 1L/min:64ml/h and 2L/min:64ml/h, the final equilibrium is 1.63%, 1.3% and 1% respectively; the higher the temperature, the higher the deuterium concentration in the outlet deuterium water, the more conducive to the reorganization. The first two results are about 1.08% when the hydrogen and deuterium feed is 1L/min: 32ml/1h, 2L/min: 64ml/h, 3L/min: 96ml/h and 4L/min: 128ml/h. The latter two results can not be increased because of the large flow rate and the temperature can not be increased. At this time, when the set temperature of the system is raised from 0.92% to 0.98%. The results show that when the experimental conditions are the same, the specific hydrogen ratio of the feed to deuterium water is 2L/in:64ml/h, the results are all about 1%. Therefore, in the industrial application, the process described in this paper is adopted. The prepared catalyst has excellent catalytic effect. 4. In practical process application, the catalytic efficiency of granular catalyst per unit volume in unit time is much higher than that of regular ceramic catalyst. It has obvious advantages in practical application. The results show that the Kya value increases with the increase of the hydrogen feed rate, and the linearity is good, R2 is above 0.993. The Kya value of the Ni-loaded (11.5%) granular catalyst is 0.818 m 3.s-1.m-3, which is much higher than that of the Ni-loaded (6%) regular ceramics when the hydrogen feed rate is 2 L/min: 64 ml/h. The feasibility of Ni-based catalyst in hydrogen-water isotope catalytic exchange process was demonstrated through the research work of this paper. The effects of temperature, pressure and feed ratio on the reaction were studied. The calculation of basic parameters related to VPCE process was completed, which provided data support for practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)工程物理研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:O643.36
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