本文選題：魔芋 + 碳納米管　； 參考：《福建農林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為世界超級人口大國的中國,專家預計到本世紀2030年,人口數(shù)量將達到16億,屆時人均陸地面積將降為0.008平方公里,與世界人均0.3平方公里的水平相差甚遠。且陸地上的各類資源,隨著人口的增長、人為的開發(fā)和破壞,日漸匾乏,破壞狀況令人擔憂。為了滿足十幾億人口對食物、淡水的日益增長的需求,在運用科學發(fā)展觀和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎上,采用納米吸附技術等現(xiàn)代高新技術,合理開發(fā)利用海洋資源和重復可循環(huán)利用治理污染水源,是未來海洋資源和污水開發(fā)、利用的必由之路。魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是一種天然高分子多糖,在溶膠狀態(tài)下,添入堿同時加熱,可脫去乙酰基團,得到非常有彈性的凝膠,類似于橡膠。本文以魔芋粉、碳納米管為實驗對象,通過添加不同復配魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠,并進行力學、物理學性質對比比較,最后采用吸附試驗,探討模擬研究魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠的應用。本文的主要研究內容和結果如下:1、分別制備魔芋葡甘聚糖-單壁、雙壁、多壁碳納米管氣凝膠的實驗,對比不同魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠品質的力學、物理學性質。實驗結果表明添加了單壁、雙壁、多壁碳納米管后,脫乙酰KGM復合溶膠能夠更好地支撐重于自己數(shù)倍重量的物體,且還原性較好。所有的KGM在溶膠中的剪切粘度與剪切速率偏離了線性關系,流動曲線符合Power Law模型σ=KYn。單壁和雙壁復合體中,流體假塑性隨著濃度的增加呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢,表觀粘度增加。多壁復合體流體假塑性隨著濃度的增加,表觀粘度顯著下降,流體假塑性減少。動態(tài)頻率掃描表明,各個配比的復合溶膠的樣品測試差異比較大,所有樣品均具有較寬的線性炥彈區(qū)。在低頻率下,KGM、脫乙酰KGM-單壁和雙壁碳納米管復合溶膠的損耗模量(G")均大于儲能模量(G')。質構數(shù)據(jù)表明不同濃度的脫乙酰KGM-單壁和雙壁碳納米管復合凝膠的質構特性參數(shù)較為接近,脫乙酰KGM-多壁碳納米管復合凝膠的壓縮性幾乎只有脫乙酰KGM--單壁和雙壁碳納米管復合凝膠壓縮性的一半,但彈性、內聚性和回復性又比脫乙酰KGM--單壁和雙壁碳納米管凝膠的參數(shù)高出一倍。2、分別制備無添加、魔芋葡甘聚糖-羧基化、羥基化魔芋葡甘聚糖氣凝膠的實驗,對比添加不同基團的碳納米管所形成的魔芋氣凝膠的力學性質與物理性質。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明添加了羥基、羧基碳納米管后,脫乙酰KGM復合溶膠能夠更好地支撐重于自己數(shù)倍重量的物體,且還原性較好。所有的KGM在溶膠中的剪切粘度與剪切速率偏離了線性關系,流動曲線符合Power Law模型σ=KYn,溶膠均表現(xiàn)為假塑性流體。動態(tài)頻率掃描表明,各個配比的復合溶膠的樣品測試差異比較大,所有樣品均具有較寬的線性炥彈區(qū)。在低頻率下,KGM、脫乙酰KGM-羧基、羥基魔芋葡甘聚糖復合溶膠的損耗模量(G")均大于儲能模量(G")。質構數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出無添加碳納米管的KGM復合凝膠質構的各項指標均比添加了碳納米管的KGM復合凝膠低。3、以羧基魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠作為吸附劑,對甲基橙溶液進行吸附,通過標準曲線、pH值、離子強度、動力學、熱力學等實驗,研究魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠對甲基橙的吸附能力,得出以下結論:(1)隨著pH升高,吸附量從高逐漸降低,在pH=7時最低,之后隨著pH值的升高逐漸緩慢上升。當pH=3時,吸附量最高,為18.18 mg/g;當pH=7時,達到吸附量最低值為0.25mg/g。(2)通過離子強度對吸附影響實驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)Cacl2溶液對甲基橙吸附影響不大,而當NaCl濃度≤0.20mol/L,隨著NaCl濃度增加,羥基化多壁魔芋葡甘聚糖-碳納米管氣凝膠對甲基橙吸附量均勻不變,為6mg/g的吸附量。當NaCl濃度0.20mol/L,吸附量迅速上升,達到12mg/g的吸附量。(3)在吸附時間和等溫吸附試驗中,發(fā)現(xiàn)吸附效率隨時間先增大,在300min時達到最大值后穩(wěn)定在較高值。整個吸附過程符合假二階動力學方程和Freundlich等溫吸附模型,且吸附行為主要是依靠物理吸附作用。
[Abstract]:As the world's superpopulous country, the population is expected to reach 1 billion 600 million of the population by 2030 of this century, and the land area per capita will fall to 0.008 square kilometers, which is far from 0.3 square kilometers per capita in the world. And all kinds of resources on land, with the growth of the population, human development and destruction, are increasingly lacking and destroyed. In order to meet the growing demand of more than a billion people on food and fresh water, on the basis of Scientific Outlook on Development and sustainable development, the modern high-tech technologies such as nano adsorption technology are adopted, and the rational exploitation and utilization of marine resources and the repeated recycling of polluted water are the future development of marine resources and sewage. The only way to use. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a natural macromolecule polysaccharide. Under the condition of the sol-gel, it is added to the alkali and can be heated simultaneously. It can remove the acetyl group and get the very elastic gel, similar to the rubber. In this paper, the konjac powder and carbon nanotubes were used as the experimental objects by adding different compound konjac glucomannan carbon nanotube aerogels. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1, the experiment of preparing konjac glucomannan - single wall, double wall, multi wall carbon nanoscale aerogels, and the comparison of different konjac glucomannan - carbon nanoscale The mechanical and physical properties of the quality of the rice tube aerogel. The experimental results show that the addition of single wall, double wall, multi wall carbon nanotubes, the deacetylation KGM composite sol can better support the weight of several times the weight of the body, and the reducibility is better. The shear viscosity of all KGM in the sol and the shear rate deviate from the linear relationship, flow curve. In the Power Law model Sigma =KYn. single wall and double wall complex, the pseudoplasticity of the fluid increases with the increase of the concentration, and the apparent viscosity increases. The apparent viscosity decreases significantly and the fluid pseudoplasticity decreases with the increase of the concentration. The dynamic frequency scanning shows that the sample test of the composite sols of each ratio is poor. At low frequency, the loss modulus of KGM, KGM- single wall and double wall carbon nanotube composite sol (G ") is larger than the energy storage modulus (G') at low frequency. The compressibility of the acetyl KGM- multi walled carbon nanotube composite gel is almost only half of the gel compressibility of the deacetylation KGM-- single wall and double walled carbon nanotubes, but the elasticity, cohesion and resilience are twice as high as the parameters of the deacetylation KGM-- single wall and double wall carbon nanotube gels, and the separation preparation is not added, the konjac glucomannan carboxylation, hydroxyl group, and hydroxyl group are not added. The experiments of konjac glucomannan aerogel were conducted to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the konjac aerogels with different groups of carbon nanotubes. The experimental data showed that after the addition of hydroxyl group and carboxyl carbon nanotubes, the deacetylation KGM composite sol could better support objects weighing several times the weight of their own, and the reducibility was better. The shear viscosity of some KGM deviates from the shear rate linearly, the flow curve fits the Power Law model Sigma =KYn and the sol is pseudoplastic fluid. The dynamic frequency scanning shows that the sample test of the composite sol is different in different proportions, and all samples have a wide linear elastic zone. At low frequency, KGM, stripping. The loss modulus (G ") of the acetyl KGM- carboxyl, hydroxy konjac glucomannan composite sol (G") is greater than the energy storage modulus (G "). In texture data, it is found that all the indexes of the KGM composite gel without carbon nanotubes are lower than that of the KGM composite gel added with carbon nanotubes, and the carboxyl konjac glucomannan carbon nanotube aerogel is used as adsorption. By adsorption of methyl orange solution, the adsorption capacity of konjac glucomannan carbon nanotube aerogel to methyl orange was studied through the standard curve, pH value, ionic strength, kinetics, thermodynamics and other experiments. The following conclusion was drawn: (1) with the increase of pH, the adsorption amount decreased gradually, the lowest at pH=7, and then slowly along with the increase of the pH value. When pH=3, the adsorption amount is the highest, 18.18 mg/g; when pH=7, the lowest adsorption amount is 0.25mg/g. (2) through the ion strength to the adsorption experiment, it is found that Cacl2 solution has little influence on the adsorption of methyl orange, while NaCl concentration is less than 0.20mol/L, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the hydroxylation of multi wall konjac glucomannan carbon nanotube aerogel to methyl methylation The adsorption quantity of the orange is constant and the adsorption amount of 6mg/g. When the concentration of NaCl is 0.20mol/L, the adsorption amount rises rapidly to reach the adsorption quantity of 12mg/g. (3) the adsorption efficiency is first increased in the adsorption time and isothermal adsorption test, and the maximum value is stable at 300min when the maximum value is reached. The whole adsorption process is in accordance with the pseudo two order kinetic equation and Fre. Undlich isothermal adsorption model, and adsorption behavior mainly depends on physical adsorption.
【學位授予單位】：福建農林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O648.17;O647.3

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