本文選題：表面等離激元　切入點：銀納米線　出處：《中國科學院大學(中國科學院物理研究所)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：表面等離激元是束縛在材料-介質表面的電荷密度波和表面電磁波相互耦合而引起的元激發(fā)模式。表面等離激元突破衍射極限傳播和局域電場增強的特性,使其受到了廣泛的關注和研究。特定波長的激光,可以激發(fā)特定材料,如金屬或石墨烯等中的表面等離激元。其中,金屬納米線結構,作為表面等離激元的良好載體,可以支持不同表面等離激元模式。而二維石墨烯材料,具有表面等離激元的可調節(jié)性質和更小的傳輸損耗,可更好的用于光電子信息傳輸和探測。本論文將通過實驗和模擬相結合的方法,對一維金屬納米線結構和一維石墨烯褶皺缺陷的表面等離激元近場性質進行研究。一維金屬納米線結構,同時支持傳播型和局域型的表面等離激元。我們在實驗上,利用溶液中微小顆粒的運動證實了金屬納米線表面等離激元近場光學力的存在。通過對納米顆粒運動狀態(tài)的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其沿線方向的運動,主要由等離激元傳輸損耗造成的熱效應驅動�；诖�,我們利用不同結構銀納米線以及激光激發(fā)偏振的改變,實現(xiàn)了對納米顆粒運動的遠距離定向調控。而石墨烯表面存在的一維褶皺缺陷,雖然結構尺寸微小,卻會影響表面等離激元的傳播。我們利用掃描近場光學顯微技術,實現(xiàn)了對石墨烯褶皺的近場光學成像。通過對其實空間成像的分析及數(shù)值擬合,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)褶皺形貌造成的反射效應非常小,而導致其反射表面等離激元波的主要原因是褶皺處光電導的變化。并且,通過褶皺特性的改變,我們可以調控其對表面等離激元波的反射效應。另外,石墨烯條帶的邊界和褶皺均會對表面等離激元波造成反射。我們通過掃描近場成像技術,得到了兩種疊加效應下的實空間成像。將實驗結果結合理論分析發(fā)現(xiàn),對不同類型光電導變化的褶皺,兩者疊加的效果完全相反。光電導的增加,會造成其綜合效果大于單純邊界,即相干相長;而光電導的減小,會造成其綜合效果小于單純邊界,即相干相消。也就是說,我們可以通過近場光學成像的方法分析和判斷褶皺處的光學和電學性質�？傊�,低維納米結構中的表面等離激元,由于其高度可塑性,可以調控表面等離激元特性,而在等離激元光子學中占據(jù)重要的地位。認識它,我們就能找到操縱表面等離激元的鑰匙;運用它,我們就能打開表面等離激元應用新的大門。
[Abstract]:Surface isotherm is a mode of excitation caused by the coupling of charge density wave and surface electromagnetic wave bound to the surface of material and medium. The surface isotherm breaks through the diffraction limit propagation and increases the local electric field. The laser of specific wavelength can excite the surface isophosphors of certain materials, such as metal or graphene. Among them, the structure of metal nanowires can be used as a good carrier of surface isoexcitators. The two-dimensional graphene material has the adjustable properties of the surface isopitons and the smaller transmission loss, while the two dimensional graphene materials can support different surface isophosphoric modes, while the two dimensional graphene materials have the adjustable properties of the surface isopitons, It can be used for photoelectron information transmission and detection. The near-field properties of surface isoexcitations of one-dimensional metallic nanowires and one-dimensional graphene fold defects are studied. One-dimensional metal nanowire structures support both propagating and localized surface isoexcitators. The near field optical force on the surface of metal nanowires is confirmed by the motion of tiny particles in solution. By analyzing the motion state of nanocrystalline particles, we find the movement along the direction of the nanowires. Based on this, we use silver nanowires with different structures and laser to excite polarization. The motion of nanocrystalline particles can be controlled in a long distance direction. However, the surface of graphene has one dimensional fold defect, although its structure is small, it will affect the propagation of surface isotherm. We use scanning near-field optical microscopy. The near field optical imaging of graphene folds is realized. Through the analysis and numerical fitting of the actual spatial imaging, we find that the reflection effect caused by the fold morphology is very small. The main cause of the reflected surface isophosphorus wave is the change of photoconductivity at the fold. Furthermore, through the change of the fold characteristics, we can control the reflection effect of the surface isoexciton wave. The boundary and fold of graphene strip can reflect the surface iso-exciton wave. By using the scanning near-field imaging technique, we obtain the real space imaging under two superposition effects. It is found that the experimental results are combined with the theoretical analysis. For the fold of different types of photoconductive changes, the effect of superposition between them is completely opposite. The increase of photoconductivity will result in its comprehensive effect larger than that of simple boundary, that is, the length of coherent phase, and the decrease of photoconductivity will result in its comprehensive effect being smaller than that of simple boundary. That is to say, we can analyze and judge the optical and electrical properties of the fold by means of near-field optical imaging. We can control the properties of surface isopherons and play an important role in isophoric photonics. Knowing it, we can find the key to manipulate surface isopherons, and by using it, we can open a new door for the application of surface isopherons.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院大學(中國科學院物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1;O613.71

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