不同基質和濕地植物的潛流人工濕地處理畜禽污水的效果研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-06 19:27
【摘要】：人工濕地污水處理技術是一種新型的污水處理技術,其因基建、運行維護成本低,環(huán)保、不易造成二次污染,且有一定的經濟價值而被廣泛使用。然而影響人工濕地污水處理效果的因素多種多樣,其中濕地植物和濕地基質是影響人工濕地污水處理效果的主要因素。本課題主要從影響人工濕地污水處理效果因素,結合當地的地質條件和氣候因素,選擇了4種適宜當地生長的、具有耐污性、有一定經濟價值的濕地植物,和兩種污水處理效果好,成本低,不會造成二次污染且資源豐富的濕地基質,將2種濕地基質分別與碎紅磚按體積比1：2混合以制成兩種不同的混合基質人工濕地系統(tǒng),再將4種濕地植物分別種植在系統(tǒng)的土壤層中,以不種植任何植物作為空白對照,通過模擬試驗,比較各濕地系統(tǒng)對畜禽污水的凈化效果,混合基質、濕地植物對各污染物的富集能力,評估出凈污效果好的混合基質人工濕地系統(tǒng),以豐富人工濕地植物、濕地基質資源庫,為畜禽污水處理的實踐應用提供理論依據。通過試驗得出了如下結果：1.本試驗所構建的人工濕地系統(tǒng)最佳水力停留時間為5d,畜禽污水進水量為2L/桶,其對畜禽污水中污染物COD、TP、TN、NH4'-N、Zn有很好的去除效果,去除率分別高達77%、81%、72%、97%、86%以上,畜禽污水出水水質達到了《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理排放標準》的一級排放標準。2.畜禽污水進水Cu濃度為50-150ug/L、進水量為2L、水力停留時間為5d時,通過本試驗構建的人工濕地系統(tǒng)污水處理后,其出水中未檢出重金屬Cu。3.在兩種混合基質人工濕地系統(tǒng)中,“蛭石+碎磚石”型混合基質人工濕地系統(tǒng)對COD、 TP的去除效果顯著強于“沸石+碎磚石”(p0.05)。4.在不同的濕地植物人工濕地系統(tǒng)中,有植物濕地系統(tǒng)對畜禽污水NH4+-N、TN、Zn的去除能力顯著強于無植物系統(tǒng)(p0.05),濕地植物的生物量越大、根系越發(fā)達其去除能力越強。5.混合基質不富集氮,對磷、銅、鋅的富集量很大,分別達0.4g/桶、200mg/桶、220mg/桶以上,其中沸石型混合基質對P和Zn的富集能力顯著強于蛭石型(p0.05),蛭石型混合基質對Cu的富集能力顯著比沸石型強(p0.05)。6.植物地上和地下部分對污水中氮、磷、銅、鋅均有富集能力,其中植物地上部分富集量是地下部分富集量的2倍多。藿香、美人蕉和馬蹄蓮均為生物量和根系較發(fā)達的經濟植物,其對氮、磷、銅、鋅的富集量均顯著強于生物量小、根系不發(fā)達的車前草(p0.05)。綜上所述,在畜禽污水處理過程中,混合基質是污水中COD、TP去除的主要因子,濕地植物對畜禽污水中TN、Zn、NH4+-N去除扮演了重要角色；馬蹄蓮、美人蕉和藿香均宜作為具有經濟價值的濕地植物；沸石+碎磚石用于處理含P、Zn污水、蛭石+碎磚石用于處理含Cu污水具有很好的發(fā)展前景。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland sewage treatment technology is a new type of sewage treatment technology. It is widely used because of its low cost of operation and maintenance, environmental protection, not easy to cause secondary pollution, and has a certain economic value. However, there are many factors affecting the wastewater treatment efficiency of constructed wetland, among which wetland plants and wetland substrate are the main factors affecting the treatment efficiency of constructed wetland wastewater. In this paper, four kinds of wetland plants, which are suitable for local growth and have certain economic value, are selected from the factors that affect the sewage treatment efficiency of constructed wetlands, combined with local geological conditions and climatic factors, which are suitable for local growth, and have certain economic value. And two kinds of wetland matrix, which have good effect and low cost, will not cause secondary pollution and are rich in resources. Two kinds of wetland matrix and broken red brick are mixed to make two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system according to the volume ratio of 1:2 in order to make two different kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system. Then four kinds of wetland plants were planted in the soil layer of the system respectively, and no plants were used as the blank control. Through the simulation experiment, the purification effect of each wetland system on livestock and poultry wastewater was compared, and the mixed substrate was mixed. The enrichment ability of wetland plants to each pollutant was evaluated and the mixed matrix constructed wetland system with good purification effect was evaluated in order to enrich the constructed wetland plants and wetland matrix resource pool and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of livestock and poultry wastewater treatment. The following results have been obtained through experiments: 1. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the constructed wetland system was 5 days, and the influent volume of livestock and poultry wastewater was 2L/ bucket. It had a good effect on the removal of pollutant COD,TP,TN,NH4'-N,Zn in livestock wastewater, and the removal rate was as high as 77%, respectively. 81%, 72%, 97%, 86%, respectively. The effluent water quality of livestock and poultry reached the first grade discharge standard of < Municipal Wastewater treatment Standard >. 2. When the influent Cu concentration is 50 渭 g / L, the influent water is 2L and the hydraulic retention time is 5 days, the heavy metal Cu.3. is not detected in the effluent of constructed wetland system. In two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system, "vermiculite crushed brick" type mixed matrix constructed wetland system had better removal effect on COD, TP than "zeolite crushed brick" (p0.05). In different wetland plant constructed wetland systems, the removal capacity of NH4-N in livestock wastewater was significantly stronger than that in non-plant system (p0.05), and the biomass of wetland plants was larger, and the removal capacity of Zn and Zn in livestock wastewater was significantly higher than that in non-plant-free system (p0.05). The more developed the root system, the stronger the removal ability. 5. The concentration of P, Cu and Zn in mixed matrix was higher than that of 0.4g/, 200mg/ and 220mg/ respectively. The enrichment of P and Zn by zeolite matrix was significantly stronger than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05). The enrichment ability of vermiculite mixed matrix to Cu was significantly stronger than that of zeolite type (p0.05). The above-ground and underground parts of plants have the ability to enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc in sewage, in which the above-ground parts of plants are more than twice the amount of underground ones. Huoxiang, Canna plantain and Horseshoe lotus are economic plants with more developed biomass and root system, and their accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc is significantly stronger than that of the small biomass and underdeveloped roots (p0.05). In conclusion, in the process of livestock wastewater treatment, mixed substrate is the main factor of COD,TP removal, and wetland plants play an important role in the removal of TN,Zn,NH4-N from livestock wastewater. Horseshoe lotus, plantain and Huoxiang are suitable for wetland plants with economic value, zeolite crushed brick is used to treat wastewater containing P and Zn, and vermiculite broken brick is used to treat Cu-containing wastewater, which has a good prospect of development.
【學位授予單位】：四川農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland sewage treatment technology is a new type of sewage treatment technology. It is widely used because of its low cost of operation and maintenance, environmental protection, not easy to cause secondary pollution, and has a certain economic value. However, there are many factors affecting the wastewater treatment efficiency of constructed wetland, among which wetland plants and wetland substrate are the main factors affecting the treatment efficiency of constructed wetland wastewater. In this paper, four kinds of wetland plants, which are suitable for local growth and have certain economic value, are selected from the factors that affect the sewage treatment efficiency of constructed wetlands, combined with local geological conditions and climatic factors, which are suitable for local growth, and have certain economic value. And two kinds of wetland matrix, which have good effect and low cost, will not cause secondary pollution and are rich in resources. Two kinds of wetland matrix and broken red brick are mixed to make two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system according to the volume ratio of 1:2 in order to make two different kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system. Then four kinds of wetland plants were planted in the soil layer of the system respectively, and no plants were used as the blank control. Through the simulation experiment, the purification effect of each wetland system on livestock and poultry wastewater was compared, and the mixed substrate was mixed. The enrichment ability of wetland plants to each pollutant was evaluated and the mixed matrix constructed wetland system with good purification effect was evaluated in order to enrich the constructed wetland plants and wetland matrix resource pool and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of livestock and poultry wastewater treatment. The following results have been obtained through experiments: 1. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the constructed wetland system was 5 days, and the influent volume of livestock and poultry wastewater was 2L/ bucket. It had a good effect on the removal of pollutant COD,TP,TN,NH4'-N,Zn in livestock wastewater, and the removal rate was as high as 77%, respectively. 81%, 72%, 97%, 86%, respectively. The effluent water quality of livestock and poultry reached the first grade discharge standard of < Municipal Wastewater treatment Standard >. 2. When the influent Cu concentration is 50 渭 g / L, the influent water is 2L and the hydraulic retention time is 5 days, the heavy metal Cu.3. is not detected in the effluent of constructed wetland system. In two kinds of mixed matrix constructed wetland system, "vermiculite crushed brick" type mixed matrix constructed wetland system had better removal effect on COD, TP than "zeolite crushed brick" (p0.05). In different wetland plant constructed wetland systems, the removal capacity of NH4-N in livestock wastewater was significantly stronger than that in non-plant system (p0.05), and the biomass of wetland plants was larger, and the removal capacity of Zn and Zn in livestock wastewater was significantly higher than that in non-plant-free system (p0.05). The more developed the root system, the stronger the removal ability. 5. The concentration of P, Cu and Zn in mixed matrix was higher than that of 0.4g/, 200mg/ and 220mg/ respectively. The enrichment of P and Zn by zeolite matrix was significantly stronger than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05), and the concentration of P and Zn was higher than that of vermiculite (p0.05). The enrichment ability of vermiculite mixed matrix to Cu was significantly stronger than that of zeolite type (p0.05). The above-ground and underground parts of plants have the ability to enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc in sewage, in which the above-ground parts of plants are more than twice the amount of underground ones. Huoxiang, Canna plantain and Horseshoe lotus are economic plants with more developed biomass and root system, and their accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc is significantly stronger than that of the small biomass and underdeveloped roots (p0.05). In conclusion, in the process of livestock wastewater treatment, mixed substrate is the main factor of COD,TP removal, and wetland plants play an important role in the removal of TN,Zn,NH4-N from livestock wastewater. Horseshoe lotus, plantain and Huoxiang are suitable for wetland plants with economic value, zeolite crushed brick is used to treat wastewater containing P and Zn, and vermiculite broken brick is used to treat Cu-containing wastewater, which has a good prospect of development.
【學位授予單位】：四川農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
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