重慶市主城區(qū)次級(jí)河流水環(huán)境污染特征及評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-17 21:24
【摘要】：有效識(shí)別城市河流水質(zhì)特征,可為其河流水資源管理和保護(hù)提供決策參考。通過沿河實(shí)地調(diào)查和2013年4月-2014年4月30個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),開展水體總氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4-N)、硝態(tài)氮(NO3-N)、總磷(TP)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、鋅(Zn)、鉛(Pb)、砷(As)和鎘(Cd)等11項(xiàng)水體理化指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測(cè)分析,分析主城區(qū)次級(jí)河流水體水環(huán)境時(shí)空變化特征,并對(duì)次級(jí)河流水體水環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)及對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:(1)水環(huán)境時(shí)空變化特征分析表明:各水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)要素中營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽污染較為嚴(yán)重,尤以富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化指標(biāo)氮最為顯著,其中總氮的平均值已達(dá)到《國(guó)家地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB/T3838-2002)中V類水質(zhì)的8倍;秋冬季含量較高,春夏季含量較少;而重金屬污染時(shí)間變化顯著主要由降水產(chǎn)生的面源污染,并河流對(duì)Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Cd的自凈能力表現(xiàn)不突出。(2)相關(guān)分析表明,水質(zhì)指標(biāo)相關(guān)性表現(xiàn)較為突出的時(shí)間主要為2013年6月、2013年9月、2013年10月、2013年11月、2014年1月和2014年4月;其中總氮與氨氮相關(guān)系數(shù)高達(dá)0.94。由主成分分析可知,次級(jí)河流水體中TN、NH4-N、TP、COD和Pb主要受第1主成分支配。第2主成分主要支配NO3-N、Cr和Zn,第3主成分與第4主成分主要支配重金屬,污染物分布主要為南高北低的空間布局。(3)采用單因子指數(shù)法和綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法分別對(duì)次級(jí)河流水體水環(huán)境質(zhì)量及富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明:次級(jí)河流水體水質(zhì)基本為重度污染與嚴(yán)重污染等級(jí);各監(jiān)測(cè)斷面全年基本都處于嚴(yán)重污染等級(jí)。所有河流在各季節(jié)均處于富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀態(tài),水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重程度排序?yàn)楸P溪河清水溪跳蹬河花溪河伏牛溪朝陽(yáng)河。
[Abstract]:Effective identification of urban river water quality characteristics can provide a decision reference for river water resources management and protection. Through field investigation along the river and 30 monitoring sites from April 2013 to April 2014, total nitrogen (TN),) ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr (Cr), Cu (Cu),) were carried out. Monitoring and analysis of 11 physical and chemical indexes such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were carried out to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of water environment of secondary rivers in the main urban area. The water environmental quality and eutrophication degree of secondary rivers were evaluated. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of water environment show that the nutrient pollution is more serious among the monitoring elements of water quality, especially the eutrophication index nitrogen. The average value of total nitrogen has reached 8 times of that of category V water quality in the National Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB/T3838-2002). The content in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer. However, the time variation of heavy metal pollution was mainly caused by non-point source pollution caused by precipitation, and the self-purification ability of rivers to Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Cd was not obvious. (2) correlation analysis showed that, The main periods of relevance of water quality indicators were June 2013, September 2013, October 2013, November 2013, January 2014 and April 2014; The correlation coefficient between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 0.94. The principal component analysis shows that TN,NH4-N,TP,COD and Pb are mainly controlled by the first principal component in the secondary river. The second principal component dominates the third principal component of NO3-N,Cr and Zn, and the fourth principal component dominates heavy metals. The distribution of pollutants was mainly the spatial distribution of high and north low in the south. (3) the water environmental quality and eutrophication status of secondary rivers were evaluated by single factor index method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results showed that the water quality of secondary rivers was classified as serious pollution and serious pollution. Each monitoring section is basically in a serious pollution grade throughout the year. All rivers are in eutrophication state in each season, and the serious degree of eutrophication in water body is ranked as the Chaoyang River of Funiu River, Huaxi River and Qingshui River of Panxi River.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X522;X824
本文編號(hào)：2410403
[Abstract]:Effective identification of urban river water quality characteristics can provide a decision reference for river water resources management and protection. Through field investigation along the river and 30 monitoring sites from April 2013 to April 2014, total nitrogen (TN),) ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr (Cr), Cu (Cu),) were carried out. Monitoring and analysis of 11 physical and chemical indexes such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were carried out to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of water environment of secondary rivers in the main urban area. The water environmental quality and eutrophication degree of secondary rivers were evaluated. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of water environment show that the nutrient pollution is more serious among the monitoring elements of water quality, especially the eutrophication index nitrogen. The average value of total nitrogen has reached 8 times of that of category V water quality in the National Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB/T3838-2002). The content in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer. However, the time variation of heavy metal pollution was mainly caused by non-point source pollution caused by precipitation, and the self-purification ability of rivers to Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Cd was not obvious. (2) correlation analysis showed that, The main periods of relevance of water quality indicators were June 2013, September 2013, October 2013, November 2013, January 2014 and April 2014; The correlation coefficient between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 0.94. The principal component analysis shows that TN,NH4-N,TP,COD and Pb are mainly controlled by the first principal component in the secondary river. The second principal component dominates the third principal component of NO3-N,Cr and Zn, and the fourth principal component dominates heavy metals. The distribution of pollutants was mainly the spatial distribution of high and north low in the south. (3) the water environmental quality and eutrophication status of secondary rivers were evaluated by single factor index method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results showed that the water quality of secondary rivers was classified as serious pollution and serious pollution. Each monitoring section is basically in a serious pollution grade throughout the year. All rivers are in eutrophication state in each season, and the serious degree of eutrophication in water body is ranked as the Chaoyang River of Funiu River, Huaxi River and Qingshui River of Panxi River.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X522;X824
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，本文編號(hào)：2410403
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