子牙河水系咸化特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-01 16:40
【摘要】：海河流域干旱少雨、水資源匱乏,同時河流閘壩眾多、水流緩滯,“庫型河”特征明顯,加之干旱季節(jié)水體蒸發(fā)強烈,使得該地區(qū)水體含鹽量較高,對該地區(qū)水環(huán)境、水生態(tài)構(gòu)成嚴重威脅。子牙河水系是海河流域重要的組成部分,其地處華北平原,屬于資源性和水質(zhì)性缺水地區(qū)。子牙河水系沿途無生態(tài)水補給,并接納大量生活污水和生產(chǎn)廢水,季節(jié)性干涸嚴重,同時該河段修筑了大量水利工程造成河流過度開發(fā),河流自然屬性喪失,河流水文和水動力學條件遭到嚴重破壞,大量河流變?yōu)橐匀藶檎{(diào)控為主的“庫型”河流。河流水咸化危害城市供水安全,加重污灌區(qū)土壤鹽堿化,同時影響水生生物的生存,造成河流水生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。本文以子牙河水系為研究對象,搜集了子牙河水系的氣候、水文、地形地貌、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、人文等基礎(chǔ)資料,開展流域內(nèi)上覆水、沉積物的鹽化調(diào)查。通過野外取樣與室內(nèi)分析,探究了子牙河水系上覆水、沉積物的鹽分變化規(guī)律與分布特征,并從自然因素和人為因素的角度解析子牙河流域上覆水、沉積物咸化的成因,并提出了相關(guān)控制和預防措施。論文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)子牙河水系上覆水與表層沉積物水化學類型均屬于HCO3—Ca(Na)型水。(2)子牙河水系上覆水及表層沉積物含鹽量平均值分別為1105.64mg/L與2177.52mg/kg。滏陽河上游,留壘河,七里河,邵村排干上覆水鹽化水平較低,牛尾河,北澧河,m(河,滏陽河,汪洋溝,滏陽新河上覆水鹽化水平較高,已達到微咸水水平;河流表層沉積物鹽化水平均高于其上覆水咸化水平,其風險水平較大。其中僅留壘河表層沉積物屬于非鹽化土;滏陽河上游、七里河、牛尾河、m(河表層沉積物處于輕鹽化水平;北澧河,滏陽河,汪洋溝,邵村排干,滏陽新河處于中鹽化水平;(3)子牙河水系上覆水鹽化特征與區(qū)域污染水平呈現(xiàn)較為明顯的相關(guān)性。表明水質(zhì)污染對河流咸化的影響很大,在污染非常嚴重的子牙河水系或已成為主導因素。(4)通過重污染河流(牛尾河)與輕污染河流(滏陽河上游)原狀底泥沉積柱鹽分垂直分布規(guī)律得知:與一般情況相反,重污染河流(牛尾河)全鹽量鹽隨深度逐漸減小。可見水質(zhì)污染不僅改變了上覆水的咸化特征,也改變了沉積物全鹽量的垂直分布特征,鹽分呈現(xiàn)出由上覆水向沉積物溶解的趨勢。(5)通過對河流岸邊帶土壤剖面鹽分分布規(guī)律可知:咸化水對岸邊帶土壤的影響隨著距離岸邊的距離增大而逐漸減弱。同時,在距離河岸較近的3m處其土壤剖面鹽分分布類型屬于底聚型,距離河岸6m、9m、12m處土壤剖面鹽分分布類型屬于表聚型,距離河岸15m處土壤剖面鹽分分布屬于均勻型。(6)預防和控制子牙河水系咸化應嚴格控制點源污染與面源污染;不斷優(yōu)化水資源配置與城市發(fā)展格局、規(guī)范土地利用;同時,應合理規(guī)范河流灌溉,健全排灌設(shè)施。
[Abstract]:In the Haihe River Basin, the water resources are short of water and drought. At the same time, there are many sluice dams and slow water flow. The obvious characteristics of "reservoir river" and the strong evaporation of water in the dry season make the water body in this area have a high salt content, which is of great importance to the water environment in this area. Aquatic ecology poses a serious threat. Ziya River system is an important part of Haihe River Basin, which is located in North China Plain and belongs to resource-based and water-quality water shortage area. There is no ecological water recharge along the river system of Ziya River, and a large amount of domestic sewage and production wastewater are accepted, and the seasonal drying up is serious. At the same time, a large number of water conservancy projects have been built in this section, resulting in the over-exploitation of the river and the loss of the natural properties of the river. The hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions of rivers have been seriously damaged, and a large number of rivers have been changed into "reservoir" rivers dominated by artificial regulation. The salinization of river water endangers the safety of urban water supply, exacerbates the salinization of soil in polluted irrigation areas, and affects the survival of aquatic organisms, resulting in the deterioration of river water ecological environment. In this paper, the basic data of climate, hydrology, topography, geomorphology, geological structure and humanities of Ziya river system are collected, and the salinization investigation of overlying water and sediment in the river basin is carried out. Through field sampling and laboratory analysis, this paper probes into the variation and distribution characteristics of salt content in the overlying water and sediment of Ziya River system, and analyzes the causes of overlying water and salinization of sediments in Ziya River Basin from the point of view of natural and human factors. The related control and prevention measures are also put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the chemical types of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River belong to HCO3-Ca (Na) type, (2) the average salt content of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River is 1105, respectively. 64mg/L and 2177.52 mg / kg. The salinization level of overlying water in the upper reaches of Fuyang River, Liuliehe, Qilihe, Shao village drains is lower, Niuwei River, m (River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch and Fuyang River have a higher salinization level, which has reached the level of brackish water. The salinization level of river surface sediment is higher than that of overlying water, and the risk level is higher. The surface sediments of the Fuyang River, Qili River and Niuwei River, m (River are light salinized, while the Beili River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch, Shaocun Paigan, Fuyang New River are in the middle salinization level, and only the surface sediments of Liulihe River belong to non-salinized soil, while the surface sediments of the Fuyang River and Niuwei River are in the level of light salinization. (3) the salinization characteristics of overlying water in Ziya River system were significantly correlated with the level of regional pollution. It shows that water pollution has a great influence on the salinization of rivers. (4) the vertical distribution of salt in the sediment column of heavy polluted river (Niuwei River) and light polluted river (upper reaches of Fuyang River) is found to be contrary to the general situation. The total salt content of heavily polluted river (Niuwei River) decreases with the depth. It can be seen that water pollution not only changes the salinization characteristics of overlying water, but also changes the vertical distribution of total salt in sediments. Salt tends to dissolve from overlying water to sediment. (5) the distribution of salt in the soil profile of river-shore zone shows that the influence of saline water on the soil in the coastal zone decreases with the increase of the distance from the shore. At the same time, the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the bottom accumulation type at 3 m near the river bank, and the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the apparent accumulation type at 6 m ~ 9 m ~ 12 m from the river bank. The distribution of salt in soil profile is homogeneous at 15m from the river bank. (6) Point source pollution and non-point source pollution should be strictly controlled to prevent and control salinization of Ziya river system; The allocation of water resources and the pattern of urban development should be optimized to standardize the land use, and at the same time, the irrigation of rivers should be regulated reasonably and the drainage and irrigation facilities should be improved.
【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522;P342
本文編號：2397837
[Abstract]:In the Haihe River Basin, the water resources are short of water and drought. At the same time, there are many sluice dams and slow water flow. The obvious characteristics of "reservoir river" and the strong evaporation of water in the dry season make the water body in this area have a high salt content, which is of great importance to the water environment in this area. Aquatic ecology poses a serious threat. Ziya River system is an important part of Haihe River Basin, which is located in North China Plain and belongs to resource-based and water-quality water shortage area. There is no ecological water recharge along the river system of Ziya River, and a large amount of domestic sewage and production wastewater are accepted, and the seasonal drying up is serious. At the same time, a large number of water conservancy projects have been built in this section, resulting in the over-exploitation of the river and the loss of the natural properties of the river. The hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions of rivers have been seriously damaged, and a large number of rivers have been changed into "reservoir" rivers dominated by artificial regulation. The salinization of river water endangers the safety of urban water supply, exacerbates the salinization of soil in polluted irrigation areas, and affects the survival of aquatic organisms, resulting in the deterioration of river water ecological environment. In this paper, the basic data of climate, hydrology, topography, geomorphology, geological structure and humanities of Ziya river system are collected, and the salinization investigation of overlying water and sediment in the river basin is carried out. Through field sampling and laboratory analysis, this paper probes into the variation and distribution characteristics of salt content in the overlying water and sediment of Ziya River system, and analyzes the causes of overlying water and salinization of sediments in Ziya River Basin from the point of view of natural and human factors. The related control and prevention measures are also put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the chemical types of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River belong to HCO3-Ca (Na) type, (2) the average salt content of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River is 1105, respectively. 64mg/L and 2177.52 mg / kg. The salinization level of overlying water in the upper reaches of Fuyang River, Liuliehe, Qilihe, Shao village drains is lower, Niuwei River, m (River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch and Fuyang River have a higher salinization level, which has reached the level of brackish water. The salinization level of river surface sediment is higher than that of overlying water, and the risk level is higher. The surface sediments of the Fuyang River, Qili River and Niuwei River, m (River are light salinized, while the Beili River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch, Shaocun Paigan, Fuyang New River are in the middle salinization level, and only the surface sediments of Liulihe River belong to non-salinized soil, while the surface sediments of the Fuyang River and Niuwei River are in the level of light salinization. (3) the salinization characteristics of overlying water in Ziya River system were significantly correlated with the level of regional pollution. It shows that water pollution has a great influence on the salinization of rivers. (4) the vertical distribution of salt in the sediment column of heavy polluted river (Niuwei River) and light polluted river (upper reaches of Fuyang River) is found to be contrary to the general situation. The total salt content of heavily polluted river (Niuwei River) decreases with the depth. It can be seen that water pollution not only changes the salinization characteristics of overlying water, but also changes the vertical distribution of total salt in sediments. Salt tends to dissolve from overlying water to sediment. (5) the distribution of salt in the soil profile of river-shore zone shows that the influence of saline water on the soil in the coastal zone decreases with the increase of the distance from the shore. At the same time, the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the bottom accumulation type at 3 m near the river bank, and the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the apparent accumulation type at 6 m ~ 9 m ~ 12 m from the river bank. The distribution of salt in soil profile is homogeneous at 15m from the river bank. (6) Point source pollution and non-point source pollution should be strictly controlled to prevent and control salinization of Ziya river system; The allocation of water resources and the pattern of urban development should be optimized to standardize the land use, and at the same time, the irrigation of rivers should be regulated reasonably and the drainage and irrigation facilities should be improved.
【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522;P342
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