【摘要】：水維持著地球上一切生物的生存,水也是人類發(fā)展的必要條件。伴隨當(dāng)今迅猛發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì),不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口,水資源遭受的污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,使得水資源的供需更為緊迫。污染中尤以含酚廢水最為常見,它危害大且污染范圍廣,酚類是公認(rèn)的可致癌物,殘留在水體中的高濃度的酚類物質(zhì)對(duì)人類、動(dòng)物和植物有著直接的危害。因此,綠色、高效處理含酚廢水技術(shù)已成為各國(guó)政府和科學(xué)家亟需解決的難題。相比于其他處理技術(shù),生物酶作為一種高效催化劑,可以直接作用于污染物質(zhì)的化學(xué)鏈,將其降解,具有條件溫和、高效、成本低和無(wú)毒副產(chǎn)物等優(yōu)點(diǎn),逐漸成為水體污染處理應(yīng)用與研究的熱點(diǎn)。本文采用靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備多孔聚苯乙烯納米纖維膜,并作為載體固定辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(HRP),用于處理酚類廢水。重點(diǎn)研究了靜電紡絲參數(shù)對(duì)纖維形貌的影響;固定化HRP酶條件對(duì)酶活性的影響;以及固定化HRP處理含酚廢水的性能。本項(xiàng)目的研究對(duì)研制新型酶固定化載體材料和創(chuàng)新污水處理技術(shù)具有重要的意義。本論文主要做了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究工作:(1)研究了靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備聚苯乙烯納米纖維膜及其最佳紡絲工藝。為了獲得出絲效果最好,纖維形貌最佳的電紡聚苯乙烯納米纖維膜,本論文對(duì)靜電紡絲的制備條件進(jìn)行研究。通過(guò)對(duì)電紡條件、溶質(zhì)濃度和溶劑種類及配比等影響纖維形貌的參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,獲得了最佳纖維膜的電紡條件:聚苯乙烯濃度為15%(wt),溶劑(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF):四氫呋喃(THF))配比為50:50(體積比),電壓16 k V,接收距離為15 cm。(2)研究了電紡聚苯乙烯納米纖維固定化HRP酶及其最佳固定化參數(shù)。采用表面偶聯(lián)吸附方法在改性后的聚苯乙烯納米纖維表面固定辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(HRP)。研究了固定化時(shí)間、酶溶液濃度和PH參數(shù)對(duì)固定化HRP酶活的影響,結(jié)果表明最佳固定化HRP酶的條件為:固定時(shí)間為240 min、PH 7.0、酶濃度為200 U/L。更進(jìn)一步的研究表明,經(jīng)過(guò)固定化的HRP酶相比于自由酶,放置穩(wěn)定性和PH穩(wěn)定性均得到顯著提高。(3)研究了固定化HRP酶處理苯酚的性能及條件優(yōu)化。論文對(duì)比研究了聚苯乙烯納米纖維膜的純物理吸附、自由酶以及聚苯乙烯納米纖維膜固定化酶對(duì)苯酚的處理效果。結(jié)果表明固定化酶對(duì)苯酚的處理效果顯著高于膜的物理吸附和自由酶的催化,更進(jìn)一步的對(duì)固定化酶處理苯酚的最適條件進(jìn)行了考察,在固定化酶用量為0.25 mg/g,苯酚濃度為75mg/L,過(guò)氧化氫和苯酚摩爾比為1:1時(shí)的苯酚去除率最高。
[Abstract]:Water sustains the existence of all living things on the earth, and it is also a necessary condition for human development. With the rapid development of economy and increasing population, the pollution of water resources is becoming more and more serious, which makes the supply and demand of water resources more urgent. Phenolic wastewater is the most common pollution, which is harmful and has a wide range of pollution. Phenols are recognized as carcinogens, and high concentrations of phenols residues in water have direct harm to human beings, animals and plants. Therefore, green and efficient treatment of phenolic wastewater has become a difficult problem for governments and scientists. Compared with other treatment techniques, biological enzymes, as an efficient catalyst, can directly act on the chemical chain of pollutants and degrade them, which have the advantages of mild conditions, high efficiency, low cost and non-toxic by-products. It has gradually become a hot spot in the application and research of water pollution treatment. In this paper, porous polystyrene nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique and used as carrier to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP),) to treat phenolic wastewater. The effects of electrospinning parameters on fiber morphology, the effect of immobilized HRP enzyme conditions on the enzyme activity, and the performance of immobilized HRP in the treatment of phenolic wastewater were studied. The research of this project is of great significance to the development of new enzyme immobilized carrier materials and the innovation of wastewater treatment technology. The main work of this thesis is as follows: (1) the preparation of polystyrene nanofiber membrane by electrostatic spinning and its optimum spinning process are studied. The preparation conditions of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers were studied in this paper in order to obtain the best spinning effect and the best fiber morphology. By optimizing the parameters affecting fiber morphology, such as electrospinning condition, solute concentration, solvent type and ratio, the optimum electrospinning conditions of fiber membrane were obtained as follows: the concentration of polystyrene was 15% (wt), solvent (N. The immobilization of HRP enzyme by electrospun polystyrene nanofibers and its optimum immobilization parameters were studied by using N-dimethylformamide (DMF): tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 50:50 (volume ratio), voltage of 16 kV and receiving distance of 15 cm. (2). Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). On the surface of modified polystyrene nanofibers by surface coupling adsorption The effects of immobilization time, concentration of enzyme solution and PH parameters on the activity of immobilized HRP were studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for immobilization of HRP were as follows: immobilization time was 240 min,PH 7.0, enzyme concentration was 200 UL. Further studies showed that the stability of the immobilized HRP enzyme was significantly higher than that of the free enzyme. (3) the properties and conditions of the immobilized HRP enzyme for phenol treatment were studied. In this paper, the effects of pure physical adsorption, free enzyme and immobilized enzyme on phenol of polystyrene nanofiber membrane were studied. The results showed that the effect of immobilized enzyme on phenol treatment was significantly higher than that on membrane physical adsorption and free enzyme catalysis. The optimum conditions of immobilized enzyme for phenol treatment were further investigated. The amount of immobilized enzyme was 0.25 mg/g,. When phenol concentration is 75 mg / L, the removal rate of phenol is the highest when the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to phenol is 1:1.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：O629.8;X52

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