【摘要】：土壤是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)、人類生存活動的基底,也是一項極其寶貴的不可再生的自然資源。隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,我國土壤環(huán)境污染越來越嚴(yán)重,污染物通過各種途徑進(jìn)入土壤,雖然土壤有一定的自凈能力,但當(dāng)輸入的污染物量超過了土壤的自凈能力后,污染物便會通過食物鏈進(jìn)入人體,對人類健康造成危害,如何治理被污染土壤是擺在人類面前十分緊迫的一項任務(wù),而水環(huán)境和土壤環(huán)境相依并存,治水又治土才可以標(biāo)本兼治,因此本課題選擇鎘、氟兩種重要的無機污染物為研究對象,以新型改良劑竹炭為修復(fù)劑,探討竹炭對廢水及土壤中鎘、氟的吸附及形態(tài)影響,為尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的土壤修復(fù)技術(shù)提供理論和技術(shù)支持。本論文研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論包括:1.竹炭對廢水中鎘離子的吸附行為。通過在相同濃度鎘離子污染廢水中添加不同質(zhì)量的竹炭、調(diào)節(jié)不同p H值及采用不同的振蕩時間;不同濃度鎘離子污染廢水中,添加同一質(zhì)量的竹炭;研究影響竹炭吸附廢水中鎘離子的最佳條件,從而通過竹炭吸附去除廢水中的鎘。結(jié)果表明,加入竹炭的質(zhì)量越多,單位吸附量越低;p H=8時,吸附量達(dá)到最大值;振蕩時間在10~70 min時,對吸附量的影響變化較大,80 min后,吸附量趨于平衡;鎘離子濃度越大,吸附量也越大。2.竹炭對廢水中氟離子的吸附行為。通過在相同濃度氟離子污染廢水中添加不同質(zhì)量的竹炭及采用不同的振蕩時間、不同濃度的氟離子廢水中加入相同質(zhì)量的竹炭,研究影響竹炭對廢水中氟離子吸附的條件,找出最佳條件來去除廢水中的氟。實驗表明竹炭加入量越多,單位吸附量越低;振蕩時間在10~60 min時,吸附量變化明顯,80~100 min時,吸附趨于平衡;氟離子的初始濃度越大,吸附量越大。3.竹炭對污染土壤中鎘的吸附行為及形態(tài)影響。在清潔土壤中人為加入不同濃度的鎘污染溶液,浸泡一個月后風(fēng)干碾碎,再加入不同比例的竹炭,蒸餾水浸沒土壤后25℃恒溫培養(yǎng)50天后取出,研磨后用Twssier改進(jìn)法浸提出五種形態(tài):水溶態(tài)、可交換態(tài)、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)、有機結(jié)合態(tài)、殘渣態(tài)。測定各種形態(tài)的含量,分析結(jié)果顯示加入竹炭可以降低土壤中鎘的有效態(tài)含量。4.竹炭對土壤中氟的吸附行為及形態(tài)影響。同樣取清潔土壤直接加入不同濃度氟污染溶液,風(fēng)干混勻后,加入不同質(zhì)量比的竹炭,直接振蕩提取五種形態(tài)。研究結(jié)果表明竹炭可以改變輕污染土壤中氟的形態(tài),從而使氟的有效態(tài)含量降低,但對重污染土壤中氟的有效形態(tài)沒有明顯影響。
[Abstract]:Soil is the basis of agricultural production, the basis of human survival activities, and an extremely valuable non-renewable natural resource. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the acceleration of urbanization, the pollution of soil environment in China is becoming more and more serious. Pollutants enter the soil through various ways, although the soil has a certain capacity of self-purification. However, when the amount of pollutants imported exceeds the self-purification capacity of the soil, the pollutants will enter the human body through the food chain, causing harm to human health. How to treat the contaminated soil is a very urgent task in front of mankind. But the water environment and the soil environment depend on each other, the water and the soil can be treated simultaneously. Therefore, two important inorganic pollutants, cadmium and fluorine, are chosen as the research object, and the new improver, bamboo charcoal, is used as the remediation agent. The effects of bamboo charcoal on the adsorption and morphology of cadmium and fluorine in waste water and soil were discussed in order to provide theoretical and technical support for finding economic and effective soil remediation techniques. The main contents and conclusions of this thesis are as follows: 1. Adsorption of cadmium ion in wastewater by bamboo charcoal. Different pH values and oscillating time were adjusted by adding bamboo charcoal of different quality in the wastewater polluted by cadmium ion of the same concentration, and bamboo charcoal of the same quality was added in the wastewater polluted by cadmium ion with different concentration. The optimum conditions affecting the adsorption of cadmium ions in wastewater by bamboo charcoal were studied, so as to remove cadmium from wastewater by bamboo charcoal adsorption. The results showed that the higher the mass of bamboo charcoal was, the lower the unit adsorption capacity was, the maximum adsorption capacity was reached when pH = 8, the influence of oscillation time was 10 ~ 70 min, and the adsorption capacity tended to equilibrium after 80 min. The higher the concentration of cadmium ion, the larger the adsorption capacity. Adsorption behavior of bamboo charcoal on fluoride ion in wastewater. By adding bamboo charcoal of different quality to the wastewater of the same concentration of fluorine ion and using different oscillating time and adding the same quality of bamboo charcoal into the wastewater of different concentration of fluorine ion, the conditions affecting the adsorption of fluorine ion on the waste water by bamboo charcoal were studied. Find out the best conditions for removing fluorine from the wastewater. The experimental results show that the higher the amount of bamboo charcoal is, the lower the unit adsorption amount is, the greater the initial concentration of fluorine ion is, the greater the adsorption capacity is when the oscillating time is 10 ~ 60 min, the adsorption capacity changes obviously, the adsorption tends to be equilibrium at 80 ~ 100 min, and the higher the initial concentration of fluorine ion is, the greater the adsorption capacity is. Effects of bamboo charcoal on the adsorption behavior and morphology of cadmium in contaminated soil. In clean soil, different concentrations of cadmium pollution solution were added to clean soil, soaked in air for one month, then mashed with bamboo charcoal of different proportion, distilled water immersed in soil and incubated at 25 鈩，

本文編號：2364162