【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的高速發(fā)展,伴隨而來的是我國的環(huán)境污染問題越發(fā)嚴(yán)重,尤其是大氣污染問題備受關(guān)注,重慶市作為我國幾個直轄市之一,大氣污染問題尤為重要。當(dāng)前,我國大氣污染問題以顆粒物污染為主,顆粒物污染主要來自于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、交通運(yùn)輸、燃煤燃燒等方面,城市揚(yáng)塵污染占大氣顆粒物污染比例較大,而研究表明,道路揚(yáng)塵污染為城市揚(yáng)塵污染的重要來源。道路揚(yáng)塵不僅會影響大氣能見度從而形成霧霾天氣,同時還對人體健康有嚴(yán)重危害�？刂频缆窊P(yáng)塵污染是改善城市空氣質(zhì)量的必要措施,因此探究重慶市主城區(qū)的鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵排放特征,可為重慶市道路揚(yáng)塵污染的控制提供理論支持和基礎(chǔ)資料。主要研究內(nèi)容包括:第一,以國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究為基礎(chǔ),在四個不同的季節(jié)以一年的時間段長度,對重慶市主城區(qū)36條不同等級的鋪裝道路進(jìn)行了道路揚(yáng)塵樣品現(xiàn)場采集工作。通過后續(xù)的分析和計算,得到了重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路塵負(fù)荷值分布,其中,主干道、次干道、支路的道路塵負(fù)荷平均值依次為0.872g/m2、1.199g/m2、1.463g/m2。第二,采用美國環(huán)保署EPA發(fā)布的AP-42計算方法,利用道路塵負(fù)荷值以及現(xiàn)場實(shí)測的道路水平數(shù)據(jù),對重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵排放因子進(jìn)行了估算,結(jié)果顯示重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵排放因子依次為,主干道:TSP為7.601g/VKT、PM10為1.459g/VKT、PM2.5為0.353g/VKT;次干道:TSP為8.840g/VKT、PM10為1.697g/VKT、PM2.5為0.411g/VKT;支路:TSP為9.120g/VKT,PM10為1.751g/VKT、PM2.5為0.424g/VKT。第三,根據(jù)重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵排放因子以及調(diào)研資料,還對重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵排放強(qiáng)度及道路揚(yáng)塵排放量進(jìn)行了估算。其中,道路揚(yáng)塵排放強(qiáng)度依次為,主干道:TSP為330.628kg/(km·d)、PM10為63.464kg/(km·d)、PM2.5為15.352kg/(km·d);次干道:TSP為181.360kg/(km·d)、PM10為34.812kg/(km·d)、PM2.5為8.422kg/(km·d);支路:TSP為47.893kg/(km·d)、PM10為9.193kg/(km·d)、PM2.5為3.559 kg/(km·d)。道路揚(yáng)塵排放量依次為,主干道:TSP為1643.883t、PM10為315.543t、PM2.5為76.330t;次干道:TSP為1424.459t、PM10為274.000t、PM2.5為66.288t;支路:TSP為726.577t、PM10為139.465t、PM2.5為53.993t,而在重慶市主城區(qū)所有等級鋪裝道路中,道路揚(yáng)塵一年內(nèi)TSP、PM10、PM2.5的排放量分別為3794.979t、729.008t、196.611t。第四,利用X射線熒光光譜法(XRD,X-Ray Fluorescence)對現(xiàn)場采集的道路揚(yáng)塵樣品進(jìn)行了化學(xué)分析,結(jié)果顯示重慶市主城區(qū)各等級鋪裝道路揚(yáng)塵主要成分為SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic level in China, the environmental pollution problem in China is becoming more and more serious, especially the problem of air pollution. As one of the municipalities directly under the Central Government of our country, the problem of air pollution is particularly important. At present, the main air pollution problem in China is particulate pollution, which mainly comes from industrial production, transportation, coal combustion and so on. Urban dust pollution accounts for a large proportion of atmospheric particulate pollution. Road dust pollution is an important source of urban dust pollution. Road dust will not only affect the visibility of the atmosphere and form haze weather, but also have serious harm to human health. The control of road dust pollution is a necessary measure to improve urban air quality. Therefore, it can provide theoretical support and basic data for the control of road dust pollution in Chongqing to explore the characteristics of dust emission from paved roads in the main urban area of Chongqing. The main research contents are as follows: first, based on the related research at home and abroad, in four different seasons in the length of one year, the road dust samples were collected from 36 different grade paving roads in Chongqing main urban area. Through the subsequent analysis and calculation, the distribution of the dust load values of each grade paving road in Chongqing main urban area is obtained. The average value of the road dust load of the main road, secondary trunk road and branch road is 0.872g / m2 / 1.199g / m2 / 1.463g / m ~ (2) respectively, among which the average value of the road dust load is 0.872g / m ~ (-2) / 1.463 g / m ~ (2). Secondly, using the AP-42 calculation method published by EPA of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, using the road dust load value and the field measured road level data, the dust emission factors of each grade paving road in Chongqing's main urban area are estimated. The results showed that the dust emission factors of different grades of paving roads in Chongqing were as follows: the main road: TSP was 7.601g / VKT / PM10, 1.459g / VKT PM2.5 was 0.353g / VKT; Sub-trunk: TSP 8.840g / VKT PM10 = 1.697g / VKT PM2.5 = 0.411g / VKT; branch: TSP = 9.120g / VKT / PM10 = 1.751g / VKT / PM2.5 = 0.424g / VKT. Thirdly, according to the dust emission factors and investigation data of each grade paving road in Chongqing city, the emission intensity and emission amount of road dust emission are estimated. Among them, the emission intensity of road dust is in turn, the main road: TSP is 330.628kg/ (km d), PM10, 63.464kg/ (km d), PM2.5 is 15.352kg/ (km d);. Secondary main road: TSP for 181.360kg/ (km d), PM10 for 34.812kg/ (km d), PM2.5 for 8.422kg/ (km d); Branch: TSP for 47.893kg/ (km d), PM10 for 9.193kg/ (km d), PM2.5 for 3.559 kg/ (km d). The emission of dust from main roads was 1643.883tm _ (10) (TSP = 315.543 t / m _ (2.5) was 76.330 t), and the second trunk road (TSP = 1424.459 t / m _ (10) / m _ (10) = 274.000 t / m _ (2.5) = 66.288t). The branch roads: the TSP is 726.577tm 10 is 139.465tm 2.5 is 53.993t, and the emission of TSP,PM10,PM2.5 is 3794.979t / 729.008tt / s 196.611t respectively in all grade paving roads in Chongqing's main urban area in one year. Fourthly, the road dust samples collected in the field were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRD,X-Ray Fluorescence). The results showed that the main component of road dust in Chongqing was SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X734;X513

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