厭氧氨氧化UASB運(yùn)行過程的紫外與熒光光譜分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-06 12:31
【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化工藝是最具開發(fā)潛能的新型脫氮工藝之一。與傳統(tǒng)的硝化反硝化生物脫氮技術(shù)相比,厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)無需外加有機(jī)碳源,有效防止了投加碳源產(chǎn)生的二次污染,節(jié)省了供氧的動(dòng)力消耗。因此,厭氧氨氧化技術(shù)具有較好的研究?jī)r(jià)值和開發(fā)前景。但厭氧氨氧化微生物增值速度慢,難以富集,反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)緩慢。若能快速分析獲取反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)信息,進(jìn)而對(duì)反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)測(cè)和反饋控制,則會(huì)優(yōu)化反應(yīng)器的啟動(dòng)與運(yùn)行�，F(xiàn)有的分析方法需要消耗大量化學(xué)藥劑且步驟煩瑣,難以及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確反映其變化趨勢(shì)。紫外與熒光光譜技術(shù)具有快速和靈敏的優(yōu)點(diǎn),能夠快速獲得出水中硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮的濃度變化以及熒光有機(jī)物的種類與含量變化,可解決厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)器現(xiàn)有分析方法難以解決的問題。本文利用常規(guī)化學(xué)分析方法、三維熒光光譜法和紫外光譜對(duì)厭氧氨氧化UASB反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)及正常運(yùn)行階段進(jìn)行研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:1.采用自制的UASB反應(yīng)器,在特定條件下馴化取自合肥市經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)污水處理廠厭氧池的污泥,富集厭氧氨氧化細(xì)菌。經(jīng)過150天的運(yùn)行,UASB反應(yīng)器表現(xiàn)出了較好的脫氮能力,厭氧氨氧化效果明顯。研究揭示,ANAMMOX反應(yīng)器的啟動(dòng)過程經(jīng)歷了菌體自溶,活性表現(xiàn)和活性穩(wěn)定3個(gè)階段。在菌體自溶階段,反應(yīng)器污泥中的部分微生物無法適應(yīng)外界環(huán)境而自溶解體釋放出氨和有機(jī)質(zhì),從而導(dǎo)致出水中氨氮濃度有所升高,反應(yīng)器中以菌體自溶和反硝化作用為主,無ANAMMOX功能。在活性表現(xiàn)階段,出水中氨氮濃度開始有所降低,檢測(cè)到了少量的硝酸鹽氮,氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的去除率逐漸升高,該階段反應(yīng)器厭氧氨氧化功能逐漸增強(qiáng)。在活性穩(wěn)定階段,出水中幾乎檢測(cè)不到亞硝酸鹽氮,亞硝酸鹽氮和氨氮作為厭氧氨氧化細(xì)菌的底物,其去除率都得到了很大的提高,厭氧氨氧化微生物的活性明顯提高。2.在反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上,探討有機(jī)底物對(duì)厭氧氨氧化產(chǎn)生的抑制作用。本研究采用蔗糖廢水模擬沖擊負(fù)荷,在COD值為300 mg/L的條件下,研究有機(jī)物對(duì)厭氧氨氧化細(xì)菌的沖擊影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在有機(jī)物存在的條件下,反應(yīng)器中的異養(yǎng)微生物表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),反應(yīng)器內(nèi)異養(yǎng)反硝化作用得以表現(xiàn),厭氧氨氧化過程受到抑制,導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)器脫氮能力的下降。3.采用三維熒光光譜表征了厭氧氨氧化UASB反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)過程中和有機(jī)沖擊負(fù)荷條件下的出水樣品,應(yīng)用平行因子分析方法解析樣品中各主成分的三維熒光光譜圖。研究結(jié)果表明:反應(yīng)器啟動(dòng)階段,出水中含有類蛋白質(zhì)、類富里酸和類腐殖酸物質(zhì),主要源于接種污泥的菌體自溶和殘留有機(jī)物厭氧發(fā)酵。隨著反應(yīng)器的運(yùn)行,出水中的類蛋白質(zhì),類富里酸物質(zhì)和類腐殖酸熒光物質(zhì)逐漸減少。在有機(jī)沖擊負(fù)荷條件下,出水中的類蛋白質(zhì)組分迅速增加并成為反應(yīng)器出水中的主要熒光物質(zhì)。該研究為厭氧氨氧化的啟動(dòng)及運(yùn)行控制的監(jiān)控表征提供了新的方法。4.采用離子色譜方法分析了厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)過程硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽的濃度,結(jié)合水樣的紫外光譜,采用偏最小二乘法建立樣品濃度與光譜數(shù)據(jù)的關(guān)系模型。硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽的測(cè)量值與預(yù)測(cè)值之間的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別達(dá)到0.950和0.948,相關(guān)度較高,并用建立的模型反演出預(yù)測(cè)集中待測(cè)組分的濃度,結(jié)果令人滿意。紫外光譜和熒光光譜兩種分析手段的有機(jī)結(jié)合,能夠?qū)捬醢毖趸^程進(jìn)行表征,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)器的有效監(jiān)測(cè),進(jìn)而為厭氧氨氧化工藝的推廣提供研究基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The anaerobic ammoxidation process is one of the most developing potential nitrogen-removing processes. Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological denitrification technology, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology does not need to be applied with an organic carbon source, and the secondary pollution generated by the feeding carbon source is effectively prevented, and the power consumption of the oxygen supply is saved. Therefore, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology has good research value and development prospect. but the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism has low value-added speed and is difficult to enrich, and the reactor starts to be slow. if that operation state information of the reactor can be quickly analyze, and then the reactor is effectively monitor and feedback control, the start and operation of the reactor are optimized. The existing analytical method needs to consume a large amount of chemical agents and the steps are complicated, and the change tendency is difficult to be accurately reflected in time. The ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrum technology has the advantages of fast and sensitive, can quickly obtain the change of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water and the change of the type and the content of the fluorescent organic matters, and can solve the problem that the existing analytical method of the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor is difficult to solve. In this paper, the start-up and the normal operation phase of the anaerobic ammoxidation UASB reactor were studied by conventional chemical analysis method, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrum. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Using the self-made UASB reactor, the sludge from the anaerobic tank of the sewage treatment plant of Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone was acclimated under specific conditions, and the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria were enriched. After 150 days of operation, the UASB reactor showed good denitrification capability, and the anaerobic ammoxidation effect was obvious. The study revealed that the start-up of the AAMMOX reactor experienced three stages of autolysis, activity and activity of the cells. in that self-dissolving stage of the thalli, some of the microorganism in the sludge of the reactor can not adapt to the external environment, and the ammonia and the organic matter are released from the dissolving body, so that the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water is increased, and the reactor has the function of self-dissolving and denitrification, and the AAMMOX function is not available. In the active performance stage, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the water is decreased, and a small amount of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are detected to be gradually increased, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation function of the reactor is gradually enhanced. in that active stable stage, almost no nitrite nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are detected as the substrate of the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria, and the removal rate of the nitrite nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen is greatly improved, and the activity of the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism is obviously improved. The inhibitory effect of the organic substrate on the oxidation of the anaerobic ammoxidation was investigated on the basis of the start-up of the reactor. The impact of organic matter on the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria was studied under the condition of the COD value of 300 mg/ L. It was found that in the presence of organic matter, the heterotrophic microorganisms in the reactor showed a strong competitive advantage, the heterotrophic denitrification in the reactor was shown, and the anaerobic ammoxidation process was inhibited, resulting in a decrease in the nitrogen removal capacity of the reactor. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the main components in the sample were analyzed by the method of parallel factor analysis. The results of the study show that in the start-up stage of the reactor, the water-out water contains a class-like protein, a class-rich acid and a humic acid-like substance, which is mainly caused by the self-dissolution of the thalli and the residual organic matter anaerobic fermentation of the inoculated sludge. With the operation of the reactor, the like proteins in the water, the rich-rich acid substance and the humic acid fluorescent substance are gradually reduced. Under the condition of organic impact load, the component of the protein in the water rapidly increases and becomes the main fluorescent material in the reactor effluent. The study provides a new method for the monitoring and characterization of the initiation and operation control of the anaerobic ammoxidation. The relationship between the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction was analyzed by the method of ion chromatography, and the relationship between the concentration of the sample and the spectral data was established by the partial least square method in combination with the ultraviolet spectrum of the water sample. The correlation coefficient between the measured value and the predicted value of nitrate and nitrite reached 0.950 and 0.948, respectively, and the correlation coefficient was high, and the concentration of the components to be measured was concentrated by the established model anti-performance prediction, and the result was satisfactory. the organic combination of the ultraviolet spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum can be used for the characterization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process, and the effective monitoring of the reactor can be realized, thereby providing a research basis for the popularization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
本文編號(hào)：2314265
[Abstract]:The anaerobic ammoxidation process is one of the most developing potential nitrogen-removing processes. Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological denitrification technology, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology does not need to be applied with an organic carbon source, and the secondary pollution generated by the feeding carbon source is effectively prevented, and the power consumption of the oxygen supply is saved. Therefore, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology has good research value and development prospect. but the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism has low value-added speed and is difficult to enrich, and the reactor starts to be slow. if that operation state information of the reactor can be quickly analyze, and then the reactor is effectively monitor and feedback control, the start and operation of the reactor are optimized. The existing analytical method needs to consume a large amount of chemical agents and the steps are complicated, and the change tendency is difficult to be accurately reflected in time. The ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrum technology has the advantages of fast and sensitive, can quickly obtain the change of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water and the change of the type and the content of the fluorescent organic matters, and can solve the problem that the existing analytical method of the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor is difficult to solve. In this paper, the start-up and the normal operation phase of the anaerobic ammoxidation UASB reactor were studied by conventional chemical analysis method, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrum. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Using the self-made UASB reactor, the sludge from the anaerobic tank of the sewage treatment plant of Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone was acclimated under specific conditions, and the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria were enriched. After 150 days of operation, the UASB reactor showed good denitrification capability, and the anaerobic ammoxidation effect was obvious. The study revealed that the start-up of the AAMMOX reactor experienced three stages of autolysis, activity and activity of the cells. in that self-dissolving stage of the thalli, some of the microorganism in the sludge of the reactor can not adapt to the external environment, and the ammonia and the organic matter are released from the dissolving body, so that the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water is increased, and the reactor has the function of self-dissolving and denitrification, and the AAMMOX function is not available. In the active performance stage, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the water is decreased, and a small amount of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are detected to be gradually increased, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation function of the reactor is gradually enhanced. in that active stable stage, almost no nitrite nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are detected as the substrate of the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria, and the removal rate of the nitrite nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen is greatly improved, and the activity of the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism is obviously improved. The inhibitory effect of the organic substrate on the oxidation of the anaerobic ammoxidation was investigated on the basis of the start-up of the reactor. The impact of organic matter on the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria was studied under the condition of the COD value of 300 mg/ L. It was found that in the presence of organic matter, the heterotrophic microorganisms in the reactor showed a strong competitive advantage, the heterotrophic denitrification in the reactor was shown, and the anaerobic ammoxidation process was inhibited, resulting in a decrease in the nitrogen removal capacity of the reactor. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the main components in the sample were analyzed by the method of parallel factor analysis. The results of the study show that in the start-up stage of the reactor, the water-out water contains a class-like protein, a class-rich acid and a humic acid-like substance, which is mainly caused by the self-dissolution of the thalli and the residual organic matter anaerobic fermentation of the inoculated sludge. With the operation of the reactor, the like proteins in the water, the rich-rich acid substance and the humic acid fluorescent substance are gradually reduced. Under the condition of organic impact load, the component of the protein in the water rapidly increases and becomes the main fluorescent material in the reactor effluent. The study provides a new method for the monitoring and characterization of the initiation and operation control of the anaerobic ammoxidation. The relationship between the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction was analyzed by the method of ion chromatography, and the relationship between the concentration of the sample and the spectral data was established by the partial least square method in combination with the ultraviolet spectrum of the water sample. The correlation coefficient between the measured value and the predicted value of nitrate and nitrite reached 0.950 and 0.948, respectively, and the correlation coefficient was high, and the concentration of the components to be measured was concentrated by the established model anti-performance prediction, and the result was satisfactory. the organic combination of the ultraviolet spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum can be used for the characterization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process, and the effective monitoring of the reactor can be realized, thereby providing a research basis for the popularization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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