發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 15:22

【摘要】：在有機(jī)化學(xué)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中,通過精餾分離技術(shù)獲得有用產(chǎn)品或中間產(chǎn)物的同時(shí),大多還會(huì)在塔釜產(chǎn)生一定量的殘?jiān)蛘邭堃?其中常含有較多雜質(zhì)以及有毒有害物質(zhì),在我國危險(xiǎn)廢物管理中常稱其為精餾殘?jiān)?HW11)。隨著有機(jī)化工行業(yè)的發(fā)展和精細(xì)化率的提高,精餾殘?jiān)a(chǎn)生量也在不斷增加,但目前國內(nèi)對(duì)精餾殘?jiān)�缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究,管控措施還很薄弱。因此,通過對(duì)典型有機(jī)化工企業(yè)進(jìn)行調(diào)研,深入分析精餾殘?jiān)a(chǎn)生環(huán)節(jié)和污染特征,并對(duì)其組分進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而開展殘?jiān)慕】碉L(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),具有十分重要的意義。論文在總結(jié)典型有機(jī)化工企業(yè)調(diào)研結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步對(duì)所采集的殘?jiān)鼧悠愤M(jìn)行分析。精餾殘?jiān)酁檎吵淼慕褂蜖钜后w或固體,且成分復(fù)雜,殘?jiān)械闹饕廴疚镆话憧煞譃楸较滴�、多環(huán)芳烴、鹵代物、重金屬和其他類。運(yùn)用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,分別用線性和指數(shù)型兩種評(píng)分法對(duì)精餾殘?jiān)械奈宸N特征污染物做風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)評(píng)定,兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法結(jié)果都表明多環(huán)芳烴和苯系物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)最高,屬極高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。采用潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法定量評(píng)價(jià)固態(tài)精餾殘?jiān)兄亟饘俚沫h(huán)境污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn),PTA精餾殘?jiān)臐撛谏鷳B(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為強(qiáng),Ni為主要的污染因子,潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)為474.85,并且Ni、Cr、Zn、Cu是普遍存在于精餾殘?jiān)械奈廴倦[患。按暴露途徑的不同將殘?jiān)械奈廴疚锓譃榉菗]發(fā)性和揮發(fā)性污染物兩種,分別對(duì)其開展人群健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。以重金屬為例研究精餾殘?jiān)蟹菗]發(fā)性污染物的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明被評(píng)價(jià)的四種精餾殘?jiān)兄亟饘俚慕?jīng)口攝入途徑致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值分別為8.55E-04、4.91E-04、4.48E-03、4.19E-04,致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)強(qiáng)。致癌污染因子是Cr和As,且As的致癌性比Cr強(qiáng)。計(jì)算得出這四種殘?jiān)磕陮?dǎo)致的致癌人數(shù)分別為38.5、12.3、22.4、25.1。以揮發(fā)性和毒性較強(qiáng)的氯代烴為例研究精餾殘?jiān)袚]發(fā)性污染物的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明被評(píng)價(jià)的三種精餾殘?jiān)新却鸁N的綜合致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值分別為3.62E-05、3.68E-06、9.81E-06。致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要來自呼吸途徑,CCl4和C2HCl3是主要的污染因子,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貢獻(xiàn)率分別為66%和33%。計(jì)算得出每年受殘?jiān)廴緦?dǎo)致的致癌人數(shù)分別為116、0.552、11.3,若甲烷氯化物的生產(chǎn)工藝得以優(yōu)化,可使年致癌人數(shù)從116人減至3人。
[Abstract]:In the production process of organic chemistry industry, while obtaining useful products or intermediate products by distillation separation technology, most of them also produce a certain amount of residue or residual liquid in the tower kettle, which often contains more impurities and toxic and harmful substances. In China, hazardous waste management is often referred to as distillation residue (HW11). With the development of organic chemical industry and the improvement of refining rate, the amount of distillation residue is also increasing, but at present, there is still a lack of systematic research on distillation residue in China, and the control measures are still very weak. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate typical organic chemical enterprises, deeply analyze the production and pollution characteristics of distillation residue, and analyze its components, and then carry out the health risk assessment of residue. On the basis of summing up the research results of typical organic chemical enterprises, the paper further analyzes the residue samples collected. The residue of distillation is mostly viscous tar liquid or solid, and the composition is complex. The main pollutants in the residue can be divided into benzene series, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenates, heavy metals and other kinds. Using the risk evaluation index system, the five characteristic pollutants in distillation residue were evaluated by linear and exponential scoring methods respectively. The results of two evaluation methods showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene series had the highest risk grade. Very high risk level. Environmental pollution risk of heavy Metals in solid Distillation residue was evaluated by using potential Ecological Hazard Index method. The potential ecological risk grade of PTA rectification residue was strong Ni as the main pollution factor. The potential ecological risk index is 474.85, and Ni,Cr,Zn,Cu is a common pollution hazard in distillation residue. The pollutants in residue were divided into non-volatile and volatile pollutants according to different exposure pathways, and the population health risk assessment was carried out respectively. Taking heavy metals as an example, the health risk of non-volatile pollutants in distillate residue was studied. The results showed that the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in the four kinds of rectified residue was 8.55E-04 ~ 4.91E-04N 4.48E-03N 4.19E-04, respectively. Carcinogenic pollution factors are Cr and As, and As is more carcinogenic than Cr. The number of carcinogens caused by these four residues was calculated to be 38.5% 12.322.4% 25.1 respectively. The health risks of volatile hydrocarbons in distillate residue were studied by taking chlorohydrocarbons with high volatility and toxicity as an example. The results showed that the comprehensive carcinogenic risk values of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the three kinds of distillation residues were 3.62E-05n3.68E-06n9.81E-06respectively. CCl4 and C2HCl3 are the main pollution factors, and the risk contribution rates are 66% and 33% respectively. It is calculated that the number of carcinogens caused by residue pollution is 116U 0.552c11.3 per year. If the production process of methane chloride is optimized, the number of carcinogens per year can be reduced from 116 to 3.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X783;X82

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