橫流式生物濾池處理微污染地表水的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 17:53
【摘要】：當今人工水體由于其自身沒有自凈能力,無法維持生態(tài)平衡,導致湖泊富營養(yǎng)化較為嚴重,截污從根本上可以將湖泊污染問題解決,但實施起來有一定的難度,其他技術耗資也較大,因此尋找適合我國國情并且與環(huán)境協(xié)調可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新工藝有利于治理湖泊環(huán)境污染問題。本研究針對微污染地表水,采用橫流式生物濾池工藝,起初通過示蹤試驗對流態(tài)進行分析,其次啟動掛膜,采用自然掛膜的方式,啟動階段水力負荷為0.08 m3/(m2·h),60d后氨氮的去除率穩(wěn)定在90%,CODCr的去除率穩(wěn)定在60%,掛膜成功后從水力負荷為0.16m3/(m2·h)逐漸加大水力負荷至0.80m3/(m2·h),研究水力負荷對濾池處理效能的影響,并且在水力負荷0.80m3/(m2·h)下通過轉換進水方式對比不同進水方式下濾池的脫氮效能,與此同時分析不同進水方式下生物量的變化情況,探討內源反硝化機理,研究結果表明:(1)通過脈沖刺激響應的技術研究反應器內的流態(tài),結果顯示反應器內存在短流或循環(huán)流動,并且2qs得0.34,表明濾池內流動狀態(tài)偏向于推流式;(2)在不同的水力負荷下,氨氮和CODCr的去除率波動較大,從起初的HRL為0.16m3/(m2·h)到最終的HRL為0.80m3/(m2·h),氨氨氮去除率相對起初的去除率值降低了12個百分點,表明水力負荷對氨氮的去除效果有一定影響;CODCr的去除率反而上升了4.48個百分點,表明濾池抗沖擊負荷能力強;硝氮的去除率降低了不到1個百分點,亞硝氮去除率降低了21個百分點,TN去除率幾乎不變,濁度去除率都在90%以上;(3)從正向進水到反向進水的運行過程中,濾池對硝氮的去除率由10.96%上升到27.22%,亞硝氮去除率有63.92%上升到74.71%,而氨氮的去除率由67.55%降低到50.89%,以及CODCr的去除率由64.15%降低到46.11%,出水濁度也有所上升,濾池對TN的去除效果有所提高由31.18%升到35.10%,上述現(xiàn)象推斷濾池內發(fā)生了內源反硝化。在整個運行過程中,機械截留和物理吸附占主導作用,微生物的降解作用較少,并且通過對溶解有機質的EEM光譜分析得知,兩種進水方式下腐植酸類物質是水中主要的溶解性有機物,并且其可生化性差,不同進水方式去除效果相差不大。(4)通過比較每一級生物量的變化情況,針對Ⅰ級生物濾池的生物量變化情況進行分析,得出內源反硝化過程中會釋放氨氮,并且p H有所上升。隨著運行時間的延長,內源反硝化速率逐漸增大,致使TN去除率逐漸上升。
[Abstract]:Because the artificial water body has no self-purification ability, it can not maintain the ecological balance, which leads to the serious eutrophication of the lake. The pollution interception can solve the pollution problem of the lake fundamentally, but it is difficult to carry out. Other technologies are also expensive, so finding a new process suitable for China's national conditions and harmonious and sustainable development with the environment is conducive to the treatment of lake environmental pollution. In this study, the cross flow biofilter process was used to analyze the convection state of micro-polluted surface water. The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was stable at 90m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) 60 d after hydraulic loading of 0.08 m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) in start-up stage, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) was stable at ~ (60). After the membrane was successfully suspended, the hydraulic load was increased from 0.16m3/ (m ~ 2 h) to 0.80m3/ (m ~ 2 ~ 2 h),). The effect of hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of filter was studied. At the same time, the denitrification efficiency of the filter under different influent modes was compared under hydraulic loading 0.80m3/ (m 2h), and the change of biomass under different influent conditions was analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous denitrification was discussed. The results show that: (1) the flow state in the reactor is studied by pulse stimulation response technique. The results show that there is a short flow or circulating flow in the reactor, and the 2qs is 0.34, which indicates that the flow state in the filter tends to push flow; (2) under different hydraulic loads, The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and CODCr fluctuated greatly, from the initial HRL to the final HRL being 0.16m3/ (m2h) to the final HRL (m2-h), ammonia-nitrogen removal rate) decreased by 12 percentage points compared with the original removal rate. The results show that the removal rate of CODCr increases by 4.48 percentage points, and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen decreases by less than 1 percentage point, which indicates that the hydraulic load has a certain effect on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate of CODCr has increased by 4.48 percentage points. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was reduced by 21 percentage points and the removal rate of TN was almost unchanged, and the turbidity removal rate was above 90%. (3) in the process of running from forward to reverse influent, The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in filter increased from 10.96% to 27.22%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen increased from 63.92% to 74.71%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 67.55% to 50.89%, and the removal rate of CODCr decreased from 64.15% to 46.11. The turbidity of effluent also increased. The removal efficiency of TN in the filter increased from 31.18% to 35.10%, and it was inferred that endogenous denitrification occurred in the filter. In the whole operation process, mechanical interception and physical adsorption play a dominant role, and the degradation of microorganisms is less, and through the EEM spectrum analysis of dissolved organic matter, it is known that, Humic acid is the main dissolved organic matter in water under two influent conditions, and its biodegradability is poor, and the removal efficiency of different influent ways is not different. (4) by comparing the change of biomass of each grade, Based on the analysis of biomass change of the first grade biofilter, it was concluded that ammonia nitrogen would be released during endogenous denitrification and pH would be increased. With the prolongation of running time, the rate of endogenous denitrification increased and the removal rate of TN increased gradually.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52
[Abstract]:Because the artificial water body has no self-purification ability, it can not maintain the ecological balance, which leads to the serious eutrophication of the lake. The pollution interception can solve the pollution problem of the lake fundamentally, but it is difficult to carry out. Other technologies are also expensive, so finding a new process suitable for China's national conditions and harmonious and sustainable development with the environment is conducive to the treatment of lake environmental pollution. In this study, the cross flow biofilter process was used to analyze the convection state of micro-polluted surface water. The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was stable at 90m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) 60 d after hydraulic loading of 0.08 m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) in start-up stage, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) was stable at ~ (60). After the membrane was successfully suspended, the hydraulic load was increased from 0.16m3/ (m ~ 2 h) to 0.80m3/ (m ~ 2 ~ 2 h),). The effect of hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of filter was studied. At the same time, the denitrification efficiency of the filter under different influent modes was compared under hydraulic loading 0.80m3/ (m 2h), and the change of biomass under different influent conditions was analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous denitrification was discussed. The results show that: (1) the flow state in the reactor is studied by pulse stimulation response technique. The results show that there is a short flow or circulating flow in the reactor, and the 2qs is 0.34, which indicates that the flow state in the filter tends to push flow; (2) under different hydraulic loads, The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and CODCr fluctuated greatly, from the initial HRL to the final HRL being 0.16m3/ (m2h) to the final HRL (m2-h), ammonia-nitrogen removal rate) decreased by 12 percentage points compared with the original removal rate. The results show that the removal rate of CODCr increases by 4.48 percentage points, and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen decreases by less than 1 percentage point, which indicates that the hydraulic load has a certain effect on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate of CODCr has increased by 4.48 percentage points. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was reduced by 21 percentage points and the removal rate of TN was almost unchanged, and the turbidity removal rate was above 90%. (3) in the process of running from forward to reverse influent, The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in filter increased from 10.96% to 27.22%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen increased from 63.92% to 74.71%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 67.55% to 50.89%, and the removal rate of CODCr decreased from 64.15% to 46.11. The turbidity of effluent also increased. The removal efficiency of TN in the filter increased from 31.18% to 35.10%, and it was inferred that endogenous denitrification occurred in the filter. In the whole operation process, mechanical interception and physical adsorption play a dominant role, and the degradation of microorganisms is less, and through the EEM spectrum analysis of dissolved organic matter, it is known that, Humic acid is the main dissolved organic matter in water under two influent conditions, and its biodegradability is poor, and the removal efficiency of different influent ways is not different. (4) by comparing the change of biomass of each grade, Based on the analysis of biomass change of the first grade biofilter, it was concluded that ammonia nitrogen would be released during endogenous denitrification and pH would be increased. With the prolongation of running time, the rate of endogenous denitrification increased and the removal rate of TN increased gradually.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52
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