【摘要】：西大洋水庫(kù)自2003年成為百萬(wàn)級(jí)城市的飲用水供給水源,北京地區(qū)應(yīng)急水源地,目前是南水北調(diào)工程中線(xiàn)的輸水樞紐,華北平原中部地區(qū)庫(kù)區(qū)規(guī)模最大、水域功能最強(qiáng),集城市供水、防洪、灌溉、發(fā)電等綜合利用的大I型水庫(kù)。為研究西大洋水庫(kù)浮游動(dòng)物群落的時(shí)空分布動(dòng)態(tài)變化,分析其與庫(kù)區(qū)水體環(huán)境影響因子的關(guān)系,并評(píng)價(jià)水體環(huán)境質(zhì)量,對(duì)水庫(kù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)類(lèi)型進(jìn)行判定,于2014年1月、4-12月對(duì)西大洋水庫(kù)進(jìn)行采樣,設(shè)置樣點(diǎn)11個(gè),調(diào)查分析了西大洋水庫(kù)浮游動(dòng)物的種類(lèi)組成、優(yōu)勢(shì)種、密度、生物量、多樣性指數(shù)及水體環(huán)境因子,對(duì)浮游動(dòng)物和環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析、廣義加性模型GAM分析和典范對(duì)應(yīng)CCA分析,探究西大洋水庫(kù)浮游動(dòng)物生物指標(biāo)與水質(zhì)影響因子的相關(guān)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)、水質(zhì)化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)及浮游動(dòng)物現(xiàn)存量、多樣性指數(shù)、污染指示種等評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)西大洋水庫(kù)水質(zhì)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度進(jìn)行評(píng)定。以期為西大洋水庫(kù)水域生態(tài)的研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),為西大洋水庫(kù)增強(qiáng)水體自?xún)裟芰?降低營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水平,優(yōu)化其水源地功能,持續(xù)保持清潔水體現(xiàn)狀,提供生態(tài)學(xué)支撐和依據(jù)。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下：1、西大洋水庫(kù)調(diào)查期間共鑒定浮游動(dòng)物16科36屬64種,其中輪蟲(chóng)8科18屬39種,占61%,枝角類(lèi)4科9屬11種,占17%,橈足類(lèi)4科9屬14種,占22%,夏秋季種類(lèi)數(shù)最多,春季次之,冬季最少,浮游動(dòng)物年均密度469 ind./L,年均生物量3.55 mg/L。浮游動(dòng)物優(yōu)勢(shì)種共有11種,其中輪蟲(chóng)有6種,枝角類(lèi)和橈足類(lèi)各2種,優(yōu)勢(shì)種年均密度為351 ind./L,占總密度71%,年均生物量為2.52 mg/L,占年均總生物量的68%。浮游動(dòng)物Shannon-Weaner多樣性指數(shù)變化范圍1.9-3.57,年均值為2.9,Margalef豐富度指數(shù)變化范圍為1.12-3.32,年均值為2.6,Simpson指數(shù)均小于1,年均值為0.8,三種多樣性指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為夏秋季高,冬春季低,各樣點(diǎn)間分布趨勢(shì)不明顯。2、西大洋水庫(kù)浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要指標(biāo)(種類(lèi)數(shù)、密度和生物量及多樣性指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù))均與水溫呈極顯著正相關(guān),影響密度和生物量的主要水質(zhì)因子為葉綠素a、總氮和溶解氧,種類(lèi)數(shù)與透明度呈極顯著正相關(guān),與總磷呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。廣義加性模型GAM分析顯示,種類(lèi)數(shù)與水溫為顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,生物量與葉綠素a含量為顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,密度與葉綠素a含量存在一定的線(xiàn)性關(guān)系,與溶解氧之間的關(guān)系為顯著,與水溫之間為顯著相關(guān)且不存在線(xiàn)性關(guān)系。利用CCA分析顯示,水溫是影響西大洋水庫(kù)浮游動(dòng)物群落的決定性因子,其次為葉綠素a和營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽,輪蟲(chóng)主要受水溫、葉綠素a的影響,浮游甲殼類(lèi)與透明度、溶解氧相關(guān)性較大,水溫、總氮、葉綠素a是浮游動(dòng)物優(yōu)勢(shì)種的主要影響因子,呈顯著正相關(guān)。3、運(yùn)用浮游動(dòng)物密度及生物量指標(biāo)、多樣性指數(shù)、環(huán)境指示種、輪蟲(chóng)Q值等生物學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方法,結(jié)合水質(zhì)化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)和綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù),對(duì)西大洋水庫(kù)水質(zhì)及富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀況進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。應(yīng)用多樣性指數(shù)法和環(huán)境指示種的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,與水質(zhì)化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)顯示的結(jié)果一致,西大洋水庫(kù)水體為清潔水體至β-中污型,綜合來(lái)看西大洋水庫(kù)水質(zhì)良好,達(dá)到II類(lèi)地表水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),符合其作為供水水源地的水質(zhì)要求。應(yīng)用綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)和浮游動(dòng)物生物指標(biāo)對(duì)西大洋水庫(kù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水平進(jìn)行評(píng)定,判定西大洋水庫(kù)為中營(yíng)養(yǎng)型。
[Abstract]:Xidayang Reservoir has become the drinking water supply source of millions of cities since 2003. The emergency water source of Beijing area is now the water transmission hub of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The central part of North China Plain is the largest reservoir with the strongest water function. It is a large I reservoir with comprehensive utilization of water supply, flood control, irrigation and power generation. The spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton community in the reservoir was analyzed, and the relationship between zooplankton community and environmental impact factors in the reservoir area was analyzed. The water environmental quality was evaluated, and the nutrient types of the reservoir were determined. Species, Density, Biomass, Diversity Index and Water Environmental Factors were analyzed. GAM analysis and CCA analysis were used to explore the correlation between the biological indexes of zooplankton and the influencing factors of water quality in the Western Ocean Reservoir. The water quality and nutrient level of Xidayang Reservoir were evaluated by the methods of the number of zooplankton, diversity index, pollution indicator species and so on, in order to provide basic data for the ecological research of Xidayang Reservoir, to enhance the self-purification ability of Xidayang Reservoir, to reduce the nutrient level, to optimize the function of its source area, and to maintain the clean water continuously. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. A total of 64 species of zooplankton belonging to 36 genera and 16 families were identified during the investigation period of Xidayang Reservoir. Among them, 39 species belonging to 18 genera of 8 families, accounting for 61%, 11 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of cladocera, 17%, 14 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of copepods, accounting for 22%, the most species in summer and autumn, followed by spring, the least in winter and phytoplankton. The average annual density of zooplankton was 469 ind. / L and the average annual biomass was 3.55 mg / L. There were 11 dominant species of zooplankton, including 6 rotifers, 2 Cladocera and 2 copepods. The average annual density of dominant species was 351 ind. / L, accounting for 71% of the total density, and the average annual biomass was 2.52 mg / L, accounting for 68% of the total biomass. - 3.57, annual average value is 2.9, Margalef richness index varies from 1.12 to 3.32, annual average value is 2.6, Simpson index is less than 1, annual average value is 0.8, three kinds of diversity index are high in summer and autumn, low in winter and spring, the distribution trend between different points is not obvious. 2, the main index of zooplankton community structure in the Western Ocean Reservoir (species number, density and growth) The main water quality factors affecting density and biomass were chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. The number of species was positively correlated with transparency and negatively correlated with total phosphorus. There was a significant correlation between biomass and chlorophyll a content, a linear relationship between density and chlorophyll a content, a significant relationship with dissolved oxygen, a significant correlation with water temperature and no linear relationship. Chlorophyll A and nutrients, rotifers are mainly affected by water temperature, chlorophyll a, planktonic crustaceans and transparency, dissolved oxygen correlation is greater, water temperature, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a are the dominant species of zooplankton, the main influencing factors are significantly positive correlation. 3. The use of zooplankton density and biomass indicators, diversity index, environmental indicators, rotifer Q value and so on. The water quality and eutrophication status of Xidayang Reservoir were comprehensively evaluated by biochemical evaluation method combined with water quality chemical evaluation index and comprehensive nutrition state index. The water quality of Xiyang Reservoir is good, which meets Class II surface water standard and meets the water quality requirement of Xiyang Reservoir as water supply source.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q958.8;X824

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