【摘要】：實(shí)現(xiàn)退役汽車(chē)的高效回收利用,既是保護(hù)環(huán)境的需要,更是實(shí)現(xiàn)資源綜合利用、汽車(chē)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略要求。要獲得較高的回收利用率就必須提高退役汽車(chē)的資源化梯度等級(jí),而實(shí)現(xiàn)退役汽車(chē)的綠色深度無(wú)損高效拆解是保持和提高退役汽車(chē)資源化梯度等級(jí)的前提條件。由于汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零部件數(shù)量眾多、連接形式多樣,服役過(guò)程中的零部件失效以及差異化的退役條件都給拆解工作帶來(lái)極大的不確定性。為解決此難題,本文提出了面向梯度資源化下退役汽車(chē)拆解方法和拆解方法優(yōu)劣性模糊層次評(píng)價(jià)方法,并結(jié)合退役汽車(chē)整車(chē)及零部件拆解實(shí)例對(duì)該方法指導(dǎo)下的退役汽車(chē)拆解過(guò)程進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)和驗(yàn)證。具體包括以下四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:通過(guò)分析退役汽車(chē)循環(huán)利用的內(nèi)涵,提出了面向再使用、再制造、再循環(huán)、能量回收以及環(huán)�；幚淼奶荻荣Y源化概念,通過(guò)對(duì)影響資源化梯度等級(jí)的因素進(jìn)行分析,指出了不同循環(huán)利用方式對(duì)拆解方法和質(zhì)量的基本要求,并結(jié)合退役汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),分析了退役汽車(chē)拆解過(guò)程中解除不同連接約束的特點(diǎn)和要求。在對(duì)影響拆解方法的主要因素進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從拆解工藝路線(xiàn)、方法、拆解場(chǎng)地布置及工具選擇以及拆解過(guò)程中先進(jìn)技術(shù)應(yīng)用四個(gè)方面對(duì)退役汽車(chē)拆解方法進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。基于模糊層次理論結(jié)合退役汽車(chē)拆解特點(diǎn)建立了以環(huán)境影響、資源化程度、拆解經(jīng)濟(jì)性為主要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的退役汽車(chē)拆解方法資源環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)度評(píng)價(jià)方案。提出了整車(chē)拆解工藝設(shè)計(jì)原則,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)退役汽車(chē)整車(chē)拆解工藝進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),包括整車(chē)拆解工位布置,各零部件拆解序列規(guī)劃等,并結(jié)合對(duì)拆解設(shè)備與工具的選擇建立了流水化汽車(chē)拆解生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)。通過(guò)退役汽車(chē)整車(chē)拆解試驗(yàn)與資源環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)度評(píng)價(jià)分析,其評(píng)價(jià)得分為0.7772,驗(yàn)證了退役汽車(chē)整車(chē)拆解方法的合理性。結(jié)合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及現(xiàn)階段發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)再制造技術(shù)對(duì)退役汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行了零部件資源化梯度劃分,在此基礎(chǔ)上從拆解工藝特點(diǎn)和拆解序列規(guī)劃兩個(gè)方面對(duì)梯度資源化下的退役汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拆解策略進(jìn)行了研究,并進(jìn)行了拆解試驗(yàn)與分析。本課題通過(guò)提出面向梯度資源化下的退役汽車(chē)拆解方法的研究為退役汽車(chē)拆解企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)整車(chē)及零部件流水化拆解提供理論依據(jù),填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于退役汽車(chē)拆解方法研究的空白,為退役汽車(chē)零部件無(wú)損、高效拆解技術(shù)研究提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:To achieve efficient recycling of retired vehicles is not only the need of environmental protection, but also the strategic requirement of comprehensive utilization of resources and sustainable economic development of automobile industry. Because of the complexity of automobile structure, the large number of components, the variety of connection forms, the failure of components in service and the different decommissioning conditions, the decommissioning work of high-grade retired automobiles is uncertain. The disassembly process of the decommissioned vehicle guided by the disassembly method and the disassembly method of the decommissioned vehicle and its parts is evaluated and verified by the fuzzy hierarchical evaluation method. The concept of gradient resourcefulness of manufacturing, recycling, energy recovery and environmental protection is introduced. Through the analysis of the factors affecting gradient grade of resourcefulness, the basic requirements of disassembly methods and quality for different recycling modes are pointed out. Combining with the structural characteristics of decommissioned automobiles, the disassembly process of decommissioned automobiles is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the disassembly method, the disassembly method of decommissioned automobile is designed from four aspects: disassembly process route, method, disassembly site layout and tool selection, and advanced technology application in the disassembly process. Based on the environmental impact, resource utilization degree and disassembly economy as the main evaluation indexes, the evaluation scheme of resource environment and economic contribution degree of the disassembly method for retired automobiles is established. According to the disassembly test and the evaluation and analysis of the economic contribution of resources and environment, the evaluation score is 0.7772, which verifies the rationality of the disassembly method of the decommissioned vehicle. Based on the gradient division of spare parts for retired automobile engine by remanufacturing technology, the disassembly strategy of retired automobile engine with gradient resource is studied from the aspects of disassembly process characteristics and disassembly sequence planning, and the disassembly test and analysis are carried out. The research on the disassembly method of decommissioned automobiles provides a theoretical basis for the decommissioned automobile disassembly enterprises to realize the whole automobile and parts flow disassembly, fills the blank of domestic research on decommissioned automobiles disassembly method, and provides a new idea for the research on non-destructive and efficient disassembly technology of decommissioned automobile parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X734.2

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