本文選題：南沙河 + 污染物��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：南沙河是汾河的一條小支流。地處太原市的繁華地段,途經(jīng)建設(shè)南路、并州南路、濱河路等9條交通干道,從東到西流入汾河。由于南沙河位于城市中央的繁華地段所以其污染現(xiàn)象顯得尤為突出。其中的污染成分大部分來(lái)自于城市居民生活所排放的生活污水。太原市環(huán)保部門(mén)開(kāi)始制定并實(shí)施了許多針對(duì)性工作進(jìn)行環(huán)境治理和環(huán)境保護(hù),以便改善目前南沙河的環(huán)境污染狀況。本課題就是源自環(huán)保局專門(mén)設(shè)立的環(huán)境科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目,研究設(shè)計(jì)南沙河的污水處理方法。本課題主要研究了以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)研究了南沙河的污染現(xiàn)狀。測(cè)定南沙河中各污染成分,總氮(TN)測(cè)定采用堿性過(guò)硫酸鉀硝解紫外分光光度法；總磷(TP)測(cè)定采用鉬酸銨分光光度法；化學(xué)需氧量(COD)測(cè)定采用重鉻酸鉀法；氨氮(NH3-N)測(cè)定采用納氏試劑分光光度法。同時(shí)研究河水中微生物細(xì)菌的數(shù)量,采用平板菌落計(jì)數(shù)對(duì)細(xì)菌進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。通過(guò)細(xì)菌數(shù)量評(píng)價(jià)水體的自凈能力。結(jié)果顯示：南沙河中TN含量為21.3322mg/L；TP含量為6.1298mg/L;COD含量為210.1mg/L;NH3-N含量為13.2129mg/L,這些污染成分都嚴(yán)重超過(guò)地表水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。水體中的細(xì)菌數(shù)量為90.2×103cfu/L這些微生物是南沙河對(duì)污染物原位自我修復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)。(2)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室分別使用植物單獨(dú)、微生物單獨(dú)與植物微生物協(xié)同的方法處理取自南沙河的污水。三組分別取2000 mL污水滅菌后,向其中放入適量生長(zhǎng)狀況良好的美人蕉小苗、從河水中分離得到的微生物、美人蕉小苗和分離得到的微生物。之后每四天取一次污水樣品,測(cè)定TN、TP、COD、NH3-N濃度。比較上述三種處理方法對(duì)污水中各污染成分的處理效果,作為后續(xù)的小型濕地實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)首先比較在各個(gè)處理時(shí)間三種不同處理方法之間的效果差異,進(jìn)行多重比較,選出較好的處理方法。結(jié)果顯示：三種處理方法處理污水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N時(shí),植物微生物協(xié)同處理污水的效果比植物單獨(dú)和微生物單獨(dú)處理都更為明顯,且差異顯著(P0.05)。然后使用植物微生物協(xié)同處理方法分別處理污水4、8、12、16d,測(cè)定處理結(jié)果進(jìn)行多重比較。結(jié)果顯示：除TP處理效果在12d與16d之間沒(méi)有差異外,其余均呈現(xiàn)極顯著差異(P0.01),且隨處理時(shí)間增加呈現(xiàn)遞減趨勢(shì)。植物微生物協(xié)同處理組處理污水16 d,使污水中TN濃度從21.5607 mg/L降低到5.2704 mg/L,TP濃度從6.1695 mg/L降低到0.8279 mg/L,COD濃度從215.3 mg/L降低到52.8 mg/L,NH3-N濃度從11.6949 mg/L降低到1.8541 mg/L。說(shuō)明植物微生物協(xié)同處理組各個(gè)樣品的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N濃度隨處理時(shí)間增加不斷降低。(3)在南沙河沿岸進(jìn)行濕地種植實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)種植美人蕉與紅蓼,然后用河水進(jìn)行連續(xù)澆灌,每十五天測(cè)定濕地的除污效果。對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行方差分析與多重比較。結(jié)果顯示：南沙河濕地能顯著地減少河水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N濃度。隨著植物種植時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),處理效果逐漸增強(qiáng)。種植植物45天后,對(duì)各污染物的處理效果趨于穩(wěn)定。待植物生長(zhǎng)穩(wěn)定后,生態(tài)濕地可將污水中的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N濃度分從別19.9835mg/L、5.9228mg/L、194.7mg/L、12.8568mg/L降低為5.6089mg/L、 1.5164mg/L、72.7mg/L、1.7386mg/L;處理效率分別為71.93%、74.40%、62.66%、86.48%。這表明實(shí)驗(yàn)濕地對(duì)南沙河污水中的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N都有很好的除去效果。在小型濕地的基礎(chǔ)上,分析南沙河總體濕地建成后對(duì)城市環(huán)境的作用。
[Abstract]:South Shahe is a small tributary of the Fenhe River. It is located in the bustling area of Taiyuan. Through the construction of South Road, South Road and riverside road, 9 main traffic roads, from the east to the west, are flowing into the Fenhe River. As the southern Shahe is located in the downtown area of the city, the pollution phenomenon is particularly prominent. Most of the pollution components in the city are from the urban residents' life. The environmental protection department of Taiyuan municipal environmental protection department began to formulate and implement a lot of targeted work for environmental treatment and environmental protection in order to improve the current environmental pollution in southern Shahe. This subject is derived from the environmental science and technology research project, specially established by the Environmental Protection Bureau, to study and design the sewage treatment method in southern Shahe. The main research aspects are as follows: (1) the pollution status of southern Shahe was studied. The pollution components in the Nansha River were measured. The total nitrogen (TN) was determined by alkaline potassium persulfate nitrate solution ultraviolet spectrophotometry; the determination of total phosphorus (TP) by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry; the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by potassium dichromate method; Determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) The number of microbe bacteria in the river water was studied by the number of microbe bacteria in the river, and the bacteria were counted by the plate colony count. The self purification capacity of the water body was evaluated by the number of bacteria. The results showed that the content of TN in the Nansha river was 21.3322mg/L; the content of TP was 6.1298mg/L; the content of COD was 210.1mg/L; and the content of NH3-N was 13.2129mg/L, Some of the pollution components are more than the surface water quality standards. The number of bacteria in the water body is 90.2 * 103cfu/L. These microbes are the basis for the self repairing of the pollutants in the South Shahe. (2) the methods of using plants separately in the laboratory and the microorganism alone with the plant microorganism are taken from the sewage of southern Shahe. The three groups are 2000 mL respectively. After the sewage was sterilized, a proper amount of Canna Canna seedlings, isolated from the water, were isolated from the river water, the Canna microbes and the isolated microorganisms were obtained. Then a sewage sample was taken every four days to determine the concentration of TN, TP, COD and NH3-N. The treatment effect of the three kinds of methods on the polluted components in the sewage was compared. The following theoretical basis for the small scale wetland experiment. The experiment first compares the difference between the three different treatment methods in each treatment time, and makes a multiple comparison and selects a better treatment method. The results show that the effect of the three treatments on TN, TP, COD, and NH3-N in sewage is more effective than the plant alone. And the microorganism treatment was more obvious, and the difference was significant (P0.05). Then the wastewater 4,8,12,16d was treated with plant microorganism synergistic treatment, and the results of the treatment were compared. The results showed that the effect of TP treatment was very significant (P0.01) except for the difference between 12D and 16d (P0.01), and increased with the treatment time. The plant microbial synergistic treatment group treated 16 D of sewage, which reduced the concentration of TN from 21.5607 mg/L to 5.2704 mg/L, TP concentration decreased from 6.1695 mg/L to 0.8279 mg/L, COD concentration decreased from 215.3 mg/L to 52.8 mg/L, NH3-N concentration decreased from 11.6949 mg/L to 1.8541. The concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in the samples decreased continuously with the treatment time. (3) the wetland planting experiment on the southern Shahe coast was carried out by planting Canna Canna and Polygonum Polygonum, and then continuous irrigation with river water. The results were measured every fifteen days. The results were analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results showed that the southern Shahe wetland was significant Reduce the concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in river water. With the extension of plant planting time, the treatment effect is gradually increased. After 45 days of plant plant, the treatment effect of various pollutants tends to be stable. After the plant grows stable, the ecological wetland can reduce the concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in the sewage from the other 19.9835mg/L, 5.9228mg/L, 194.7mg/L, 12.8568mg/L reduce. For 5.6089mg/L, 1.5164mg/L, 72.7mg/L, 1.7386mg/L, the treatment efficiency was 71.93%, 74.40%, 62.66%, 86.48%., which showed that the experimental wetland had good removal effect on TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in southern Shahe sewage. On the basis of small wetland, the effect of the overall wetland of southern Shahe on the urban environment was analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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