本文選題：海河流域 + 沉積物　； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨目前工業(yè)化和城市現(xiàn)代化的迅猛發(fā)展,河流重金屬污染問題日趨嚴(yán)重。河流底泥沉積物作為重金屬主要蓄積場所之一,是導(dǎo)致底層水生生物產(chǎn)生重金屬吸收的原因之一,進而對人類健康和整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)致潛在健康威脅。本文以海河流域為研究區(qū)域,選取25個河流點位采集底泥沉積物和鯽魚樣進行深入分析研究。通過對沉積物重金屬以及鯽魚體內(nèi)金屬含量分析以及重金屬在鯽魚體內(nèi)器官組織的分布,評價了海河流域典型河流底泥重金屬的污染程度及魚類污染風(fēng)險,旨在為流域河流重金屬監(jiān)控預(yù)警、風(fēng)險管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù),同時為魚類健康消費提供參考。主要結(jié)果如下：(1)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)不同金屬污染和生態(tài)風(fēng)險不同：海河流域沉積物重金屬Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、As濃度均超于區(qū)域背景值,污染倍數(shù)及風(fēng)險為Cd(2.74)Pb(1.68)Cu(1.55)As(1.34)Zn(1.31)Cr(1.05)。潛在危害生態(tài)指數(shù)法(RI)表明重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險CdAsPbCuCrZn。研究區(qū)重金屬綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險平均115.88,接近“中等”生態(tài)風(fēng)險等級,主要貢獻元素為Cd和As。(2)重金屬在鯽魚的不同器官累及不同,鰓部和肝臟是積累重金屬的器官。肌肉重金屬濃度相對國家規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值均有不同程度超出,污染風(fēng)險Pb(2.23)As(1.31)Zn(1.28)Cd(0.79)Cu(0.11)Cr(0.10)。運用目標(biāo)危險系數(shù)法(THQ)計算肌肉的食用風(fēng)險,24%的研究區(qū)存在健康風(fēng)險,主要風(fēng)險貢獻元素為As和Pb。(3)沉積物與鯽魚各組織重金屬濃度呈現(xiàn)極顯著的正相關(guān)(R=0.819～0.844, P0.01)。鯽魚對重金屬的積累和富集程度受到多種生物因素和非生物因素影響,運用生物-沉積物積累因子法(BSAF)計算得出,Zn和Cd在鯽魚肝臟存在較強的富集作用。研究結(jié)果的綜合分析表明海河流域主要河流的Cd、As、Pb、Zn污染風(fēng)險較高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urban modernization, heavy metal pollution in rivers is becoming more and more serious. As one of the main accumulation sites of heavy metals, river sediment is one of the reasons that lead to heavy metal absorption by bottom aquatic organisms, which leads to potential health threats to human health and the whole ecosystem. Taking Haihe River Basin as the study area, 25 river sites were selected to collect sediment and crucian carp samples for further analysis. Based on the analysis of heavy metals in sediments and metal contents in crucian carp and the distribution of heavy metals in organs and tissues of crucian carp, the pollution degree of heavy metals in sediment of typical rivers in Haihe River Basin and the risk of fish pollution were evaluated. The aim is to provide scientific basis for heavy metal monitoring and warning and risk management in river basins, and to provide reference for healthy fish consumption. The main results are as follows: (1) different metal pollution and ecological risk are different in the study area: the concentration of heavy metal Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) in the sediments of Haihe River Basin is higher than the regional background value, and the pollution multiple and risk are 2.74 ~ (1. 68) Cu ~ (1. 68) Cu ~ (1. 55) ~ (1. 34) Zn ~ (1. 31) Cr ~ (1. 05). The potential ecological hazard index (RI) indicated that the heavy metal ecological risk was CdAsPbCuCrZn. The average comprehensive ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area was 115.88, which was close to the "medium" ecological risk grade. The main contribution elements were CD and as. 2) heavy metals were involved in different organs of crucian carp, and Gill and liver were the organs that accumulated heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals in muscle exceeded the national standard limit to some extent. There was a health risk in 24% of the study area calculated by THQ. The main risk contributing elements were as and Pb. 3) there was a significant positive correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the sediments and the tissues of crucian carp (P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P = 0. 01, P = 0. 01). The accumulation and enrichment of heavy metals in crucian carp were influenced by many biological and abiotic factors. BSAF method was used to calculate the accumulation of Zn and CD in the liver of crucian carp. The comprehensive analysis of the results shows that the pollution risk of CD Asn PbN Zn in the main rivers of Haihe River Basin is high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X174

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本文編號：1988130