本文選題：有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥 + 多環(huán)芳烴　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境中的持久性有機(jī)污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,簡稱POPs),是一類具有高毒性、持久性、易于在生物體內(nèi)富集的有機(jī)化合物,POPs能夠進(jìn)行長距離的遷移和沉積,對源頭附近或遠(yuǎn)處的環(huán)境造成污染,還會對人體造成危害,因此有必要開展POPs在環(huán)境中的分布和風(fēng)險研究。本論文主要圍繞POPs在滇池流域斗南地區(qū)幾類農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中的剖面分布特征及風(fēng)險開展研究。考慮到不同土地利用類型,采集了大棚地(含不同種植年限)、露天菜地、撂荒地及居民區(qū)四類土地利用類型土壤樣品,采用超聲波萃取方法提取土壤樣品中的OCPs及PAHs,用GC-MS進(jìn)行了樣品的測定,研究土壤中POPs的殘留、來源及生態(tài)風(fēng)險。應(yīng)用SPSS等軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計,研究不同土地利用類型類型、土壤理化性質(zhì)等因素與POPs分布之間的相關(guān)性。研究結(jié)果如下：斗南土壤中OCPs含量范圍為32.38～134.42ng/g(干重),平均含量72.79ng/g；DDTs的含量為16.29～52.99ng/g,平均含量27.33ng/g; HCHs的含量范圍為13.16～85.15ng/g,平均含量為45.46ng/g。不同土地利用類型土壤的土壤中OCPs含量從低到高為大棚地、居民區(qū)、撂荒地、露天菜地。DDTs及HCHs同分異構(gòu)體的比值分析認(rèn)為,斗南地區(qū)近期存在新的HCHs輸入,可能是受到工業(yè)HCH的影響,DDTs則主要來自過去使用農(nóng)藥的殘留。土壤剖面中,DDTs隨深度變化其含量變化不明顯,HCHs則在表層含量較高,隨深度增加而逐漸降低。OCPs在土壤剖面的含量變化與TOC含量具有較顯著的關(guān)系,與粘粒相關(guān)性不明顯。HCHs和DDTs的殘留量生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價結(jié)果顯示,HCHs潛在的生態(tài)風(fēng)險較低,但DDTs具有一定的生態(tài)風(fēng)險。斗南土壤中PAHs含量范圍為566.16～2518.25ng/g,平均值為1641.53 ng/g。16種優(yōu)控PAHs均有檢出,其中三環(huán)和四環(huán)多環(huán)芳烴占主要地位。不同土地利用類型土壤的土壤受到不同程度的PAHs污染,居民區(qū)受PAHs污染程度要高于農(nóng)業(yè)用地。土壤剖面中,土壤中TOC含量及粘粒含量與PAHs含量具有較顯著的相關(guān)性。比值法及主成分來源解析發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)?shù)赝寥乐蠵AHs主要來源于燃燒源,尤其是機(jī)動車排放的尾氣及居民燃煤,部分樣品指示了石油源的存在。斗南地區(qū)土壤中PAHs的BaPeq濃度范圍為92.25～155.22ng/g,與相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及同類研究相比,當(dāng)?shù)氐臐撛陲L(fēng)險較小。
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (pops) in the environment are persistent Organic pollutants, a class of highly toxic, persistent and easily enriched organic compounds that can transport and deposit over long distances and pollute the environment near or far away from the source. It is necessary to study the distribution and risk of POPs in the environment. In this paper, the profile distribution and risk of POPs in several kinds of agricultural soils in Dianchi basin are studied. Taking into account different land use types, soil samples of four types of land use types, including greenhouse land (including different planting years, open vegetable fields, abandoned land and residential areas), have been collected, The OCPs and PAHs in soil samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The samples were determined by GC-MS to study the residues, sources and ecological risks of POPs in soil. The correlation between POPs distribution and land use types, soil physicochemical properties and other factors was studied by using SPSS and other software. The results are as follows: the range of OCPs content in Dounan soil is 32.38 ~ 134.42 ng / g (dry weight = 72.79 ng / g / g), the average content of HCHs is 16.29 ~ 52.99 ng / g, the average content of HCHs is 27.33 ng / g, and the range of HCHs content is 13.1685.15 ng / g, with an average content of 45.46 ng / g. The ratios of OCPs contents in soils of different land use types from low to high to those in greenhouse land, residential area, abandoned land, open vegetable field and HCHs isomer showed that there were new HCHs inputs in Dounan area recently. It may be affected by industrial HCH mainly from pesticide residues in the past. In soil profile, the content of HCHs was higher in the surface layer than in the soil profile, and decreased gradually with the increase of depth. There was a significant relationship between the content change of TOC and the content of TOC in the soil profile. The results of ecological risk assessment of HCHS and DDTs showed that the potential ecological risk of HCHS was lower, but DDTs had some ecological risk. The range of PAHs content in Dounan soil was 566.16 ~ 2518.25 ng / g, and the average value was 1641.53 ng/g.16. All of them were identified by species-controlled PAHs, of which tricyclic and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were dominant. The soil of different land use types was polluted by PAHs in different degree, and the degree of PAHs pollution in residential area was higher than that in agricultural land. In soil profile, TOC content, clay content and PAHs content were significantly correlated. Ratio method and principal component analysis showed that PAHs in local soil was mainly derived from combustion sources, especially exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and coal burning by residents, and some samples indicated the existence of oil sources. The range of BaPeq concentration of PAHs in soil is 92.25 ~ 155.22 ng / g in Dounan area. Compared with the related standards and similar studies, the local potential risk is relatively small.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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本文編號：1969465