本文選題：污泥 + 石灰干化�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)逐年增長,工業(yè)化進(jìn)程也正快速推進(jìn),我國城市化水平也伴隨著正逐年提高。由此引發(fā)的城市污水處理廠污泥的處理處置問題成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。城市污泥中含有豐富的氮、磷、有機(jī)質(zhì)等養(yǎng)分,但同時(shí)其中的污染物質(zhì)也有可能對(duì)環(huán)境和人體造成危害。因此,如何將污泥“變廢為寶”,保證城市污泥產(chǎn)品土地綜合利用效率的同時(shí),將作物中污染物質(zhì)含量控制到安全范圍以內(nèi),一直是研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。本論文以北京市小紅門石灰干化廠提供的污泥石灰干化產(chǎn)品和清河熱干化廠提供的污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品為例,分別研究了污泥干化產(chǎn)品中養(yǎng)分和重金屬含量,分析其農(nóng)用潛力和安全性影響;將污泥干化產(chǎn)品與表層土壤(0~20cm)混配,設(shè)置施用量為0kg/m2、1kg/m2、2kg/m2、3kg/m2四種處理,利用盆栽試驗(yàn)得出施用后對(duì)土壤環(huán)境的影響以及污泥干化產(chǎn)品土地利用對(duì)蔬菜生長狀況和重金屬積累的規(guī)律,對(duì)土壤和蔬菜中重金屬含量安全性進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)價(jià),提出污泥土地利用的適宜參數(shù)。研究結(jié)果表明如下:(1)熱干化污泥產(chǎn)品中總養(yǎng)分(N+P2O5+K2O)和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高,遠(yuǎn)超國家有機(jī)肥料標(biāo)準(zhǔn),農(nóng)用價(jià)值較大,對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的改善作用較強(qiáng),石灰干化污泥產(chǎn)品中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較低,總養(yǎng)分含量僅能滿足污泥農(nóng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn);熱干化污泥產(chǎn)品中重金屬含量高于石灰干化污泥產(chǎn)品,其中熱干化產(chǎn)品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As和Ni的含量約為石灰干化產(chǎn)品中的2倍,Cu和Zn含量則是石灰干化產(chǎn)品的好幾倍�？梢娢勰酂岣苫a(chǎn)品對(duì)表層土壤的威脅更大,兩種污泥干化產(chǎn)品中重金屬含量均遠(yuǎn)低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。(2)施用污泥石灰干化產(chǎn)品、污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品均能使表層土壤中全N、全P以及有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量呈顯著增加趨勢(shì)(P0.01),全K含量顯著減少。施用污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品比施用石灰干化產(chǎn)品后土壤中全N和有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量增幅要大得多,說明熱干化產(chǎn)品更能保留污泥中的有機(jī)質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分,具有較高的土地利用價(jià)值。(3)施用兩種污泥干化產(chǎn)品后土壤中各重金屬含量均有顯著增加(P0.05),但不同重金屬元素增加的幅度有所不同。本試驗(yàn)施用這兩類污泥干化產(chǎn)品時(shí)各處理表層土壤中重金屬元素的含量均未超過(GB 15618—2008二級(jí))的限值要求。說明本試驗(yàn)中的污泥干化產(chǎn)品用量均在安全限值以內(nèi),但在農(nóng)用過程中仍應(yīng)該重視土壤中重金屬含量的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。(4)在污泥石灰干化試驗(yàn)組中,污泥石灰干化產(chǎn)品對(duì)小白菜產(chǎn)量的增長起的作用并不顯著,只有在3kg/m2處理時(shí)三茬小白菜總產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照組有一定增長。污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品對(duì)小白菜的增產(chǎn)效果更顯著。污泥熱干化試驗(yàn)組中施用2kg/m2、3kg/m2污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品時(shí),小白菜的產(chǎn)量比對(duì)照增加了73.20%和77.20%。兩種污泥干化產(chǎn)品對(duì)小白菜生長均能表現(xiàn)出一定的抑制作用,但當(dāng)施用量達(dá)到一定量后能夠使小白菜產(chǎn)量增加。(5)施用污泥石灰干化產(chǎn)品后Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn的含量相比對(duì)照均呈現(xiàn)顯著增長趨勢(shì),3kg/m2處理時(shí)增長率均在100%以上,其中As的含量增長最多,增長了408.33%,其中小白菜Cd、Cr的含量超出(NY 5003-2008)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值要求。在施用污泥熱干化產(chǎn)品時(shí)各重金屬元素的含量均有不同程度的增加,但各重金屬含量并未超過(GB 18406.1—2001)中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。
[Abstract]:As the largest developing country in the world, the social economy is increasing year by year, the process of industrialization is also advancing rapidly. The level of urbanization in our country is also increasing year by year. The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge in urban sewage treatment plant has become the focus of attention. The municipal sludge contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and so on. But at the same time, the pollutants may also be harmful to the environment and the human body. Therefore, how to make the sludge "waste into treasure", to ensure the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the urban sludge products, and to control the content of the pollutants in the crops to within the safety range has always been a hot spot of research. This paper is a small red gate stone in Beijing. The sludge drying products provided by the ash drying plant and the sludge heat drying products provided by the Qinghe heat drying plant are taken as an example. The contents of nutrients and heavy metals in the sludge dry products are studied respectively, and the agricultural potential and safety effects are analyzed. The application of the sludge dry product and the surface soil (0~20cm) is set to 0kg/m2,1kg/m2,2kg/m2,3kg/m 2 four treatments, by pot experiment, the effect of application on soil environment and the regulation of the growth of vegetables and heavy metal accumulation in the land use of sludge dry products were obtained. The safety of heavy metal content in soil and vegetables was analyzed and evaluated, and the suitable parameters of sludge land use were put forward. The results showed as follows: (1) hot dry The content of total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) and organic matter in the chemical sludge products is high, far exceeding the national organic fertilizer standard, the agricultural value is larger, the soil nutrient is better, the content of organic matter in the lime dry sludge product is low, the total nutrient content can only meet the sludge agricultural standard, and the heavy metal content in the hot dry sludge product is higher than the lime. In the dry sludge products, the content of Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Ni in the hot drying products is about 2 times of the lime dry products, and the content of Cu and Zn is several times more than that of the lime dry products. It can be seen that the sludge hot drying products have a greater threat to the surface soil, and the heavy metal content in the two kinds of sludge dry products is far below the national standard limit. (2) application of sludge The content of all N, all P and organic matter in the surface soil increased significantly (P0.01), and the content of all K decreased significantly. The content of all N and organic matter in the soil of the application of sludge hot drying products was much larger than that of the N and the organic matter in the soil, which indicated that the hot drying products could retain the sludge more. The organic matter and nutrient in the soil have high land use value. (3) the content of heavy metals in the soil increased significantly after the application of two kinds of sludge dry products (P0.05), but the increase in different heavy metals was different. The contents of heavy metals in the surface soil of the two kinds of sludge dry products were not the same. Exceeding the limit requirement of (GB 15618 - 2008, two). It shows that the amount of dry sludge in this experiment is within the limit of safety, but the dynamic change of heavy metal content in the soil should still be paid attention to in the agricultural process. (4) the effect of sludges on the increase of the yield of Chinese cabbage in the dry lime drying test group It is significant that the total yield of the three cropping of Chinese cabbage is higher than that of the control group at the time of 3kg/m2 treatment. The effect of the sludge hot drying product on the production of Chinese cabbage is more significant. When the 2kg/m2,3kg/m2 sludge heat drying product is used in the sludge hot drying test group, the yield of Chinese cabbage is increased by 73.20% and 77.20%., and two kinds of sludge dry products are white. The growth of vegetable can all show a certain inhibitory effect, but when the dosage reached a certain amount, it can increase the yield of Chinese cabbage. (5) the content of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, after the application of sludge lime drying products, showed a significant increasing trend compared with the control, and the growth rate of 3kg/m2 treatment was above 100%, and the content of As increased by 408.33%. Among them, the content of Cd and Cr is beyond the standard limit of (NY 5003-2008). The contents of heavy metals in the application of the sludge are increased in varying degrees, but the content of each heavy metal does not exceed the standard limit of (GB 18406.1 - 2001).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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