本文選題：街區(qū)熱環(huán)境 + 實(shí)地觀測(cè)�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)城市化建設(shè)的快速推進(jìn),伴隨而來的各種熱環(huán)境問題日益顯著。近年來熱環(huán)境問題逐漸被人們所認(rèn)識(shí)和關(guān)注,其中最為人們所熟知的就是城市熱島(Urban Heat Island)問題。城市是由一個(gè)個(gè)城市街區(qū)組成的,作為重要組成單元,街區(qū)尺度室外熱環(huán)境和舒適性評(píng)價(jià)問題是關(guān)系居住質(zhì)量和身心健康的重要民生問題,同時(shí)也是復(fù)雜的多學(xué)科交叉問題。目前對(duì)于街區(qū)熱環(huán)境的研究存在不足:一是國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者大都是從單一學(xué)科角度出發(fā),對(duì)于各個(gè)學(xué)科的綜合交叉研究非常少;二是對(duì)街區(qū)熱環(huán)境的數(shù)值模擬研究采用計(jì)算模型復(fù)雜、計(jì)算周期長(zhǎng),難以在實(shí)際工程中進(jìn)行應(yīng)用;三是對(duì)街區(qū)熱環(huán)境沒有系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)方法。本文立足于建筑環(huán)境專業(yè),結(jié)合城市氣候、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)等專業(yè)的相關(guān)研究,針對(duì)廣州地區(qū)的氣候條件和街區(qū)、建筑特點(diǎn),研究街區(qū)尺度的熱環(huán)境和熱舒適問題,旨在通過數(shù)值模擬結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)的方式,總結(jié)廣州地區(qū)控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃(簡(jiǎn)稱控規(guī))因素對(duì)街區(qū)熱環(huán)境的影響機(jī)制,提出一套實(shí)用的街區(qū)熱環(huán)境與熱舒適度評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系,建立熱環(huán)境與熱舒適度評(píng)價(jià)的簡(jiǎn)易模型,在熱環(huán)境方面對(duì)街區(qū)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo)。針對(duì)廣州地區(qū)街區(qū)尺度熱環(huán)境與熱舒適,本文重點(diǎn)研究了以下幾個(gè)方面內(nèi)容:(1)總結(jié)廣州地區(qū)室外熱環(huán)境影響因素,包括從建筑形式、布局、朝向到下墊面種類、熱物性以及遮陽構(gòu)筑物等方面的因素。建立以評(píng)價(jià)性指標(biāo)與熱環(huán)境參數(shù)相結(jié)合作為目標(biāo)層,以微氣候條件、規(guī)劃空間布局、建筑材料和下墊面屬性以及人為排熱為指標(biāo)層的熱環(huán)境與熱舒適度綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。(2)在課題組已有的城市區(qū)域熱氣候預(yù)測(cè)模型(UDC)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)原模型進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和功能擴(kuò)展。對(duì)廣州某小區(qū)進(jìn)行連續(xù)一周的熱環(huán)境測(cè)試,并用改進(jìn)的模型對(duì)該小區(qū)進(jìn)行模擬研究,通過模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比分析驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)后的模型。(3)以單參數(shù)分析的思想設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)值試驗(yàn),得到不同參數(shù)組合下街區(qū)熱環(huán)境變化規(guī)律。主要結(jié)論為:建筑密度和容積率對(duì)熱環(huán)境的影響是非線性、非單調(diào)的,當(dāng)建筑密度和容積率變化時(shí),環(huán)境溫度及舒適性指標(biāo)的響應(yīng)曲線表現(xiàn)為類似二次曲線的凹函數(shù)形式;硬地路面以及建筑外表面材料鋪裝材料,雖然反射率增大對(duì)熱環(huán)境有利,但是過大的反射率會(huì)增大平均輻射溫度,甚至引起光污染;建筑架空、綠地與綠化、透水路面、水體等下墊面以及遮陽構(gòu)筑物對(duì)改善熱環(huán)境有利。(4)在數(shù)值試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮熱環(huán)境影響因素間相互作用關(guān)系,對(duì)各個(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行組合,重新整合成用于回歸分析的因子。擬合得到控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃指標(biāo)的熱環(huán)境與熱舒適度評(píng)價(jià)模型。將該模型程序化,開發(fā)針對(duì)廣州地區(qū)的城市控規(guī)用熱環(huán)境預(yù)測(cè)評(píng)估軟件�；诮⒌臒岘h(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)簡(jiǎn)化模型和軟件采用全局敏感性分析法進(jìn)行參數(shù)不確定性和敏感性分析,得到主要結(jié)論有:(1)熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)性指標(biāo)對(duì)建筑密度和樓層數(shù)最為敏感;(2)建筑架空對(duì)于WBGT為第三敏感因素,而對(duì)于SET*和熱島強(qiáng)度,第三敏感因素則是綠地率;(3)整體敏感性指標(biāo)考慮各因素間相互作用,對(duì)于敏感性分析更加全面和準(zhǔn)確。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the hot environmental problems are becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, the hot environment problem has been gradually recognized and concerned. The most familiar one is the Urban Heat Island problem. The city is composed of city blocks, as an important component, block. The problem of scale outdoor thermal environment and comfort evaluation is an important livelihood problem related to the quality of living and physical and mental health, and it is also a complex multidisciplinary cross problem. At present, there is a lack of research on the thermal environment of the block. First, scholars at home and abroad are mostly from the perspective of a single subject, and the comprehensive cross study of various disciplines is very important. The two is the numerical simulation of the thermal environment of the block, the calculation model is complex, the calculation period is long, it is difficult to be applied in the practical engineering, and the three is not a systematic evaluation method for the thermal environment of the block. This paper is based on the major of the architectural environment, combined with the urban climate, planning and planning and other related studies, aiming at the climate bar in Guangzhou area. The thermal environment and thermal comfort of block scale are studied. The effect mechanism of the control detailed planning (abbreviation) factors on the thermal environment of the block in Guangzhou area is summed up through numerical simulation and field measurement, and a set of practical index system for thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation is put forward. The simple model of thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation provides guidance for the planning and design of the block in the thermal environment. In view of the thermal environment and thermal comfort of the block scale in Guangzhou, this paper focuses on the following aspects: (1) summarizing the factors affecting the outdoor thermal environment in Guangzhou, including the form, layout, orientation to the underlying surface of the outdoor environment. Factors such as class, thermal physical property and sunshade structure. A comprehensive evaluation index system of thermal environment and thermal comfort is established with the combination of evaluation index and thermal environment parameters as target layer, microclimate conditions, planning space layout, building material and underlying surface properties and artificial heat discharge as the index layer. (2) the existing city in the project group On the basis of the city regional thermal climate prediction model (UDC), the original model is improved and functional expansion. The thermal environment of a residential district in Guangzhou is tested for a week, and the improved model is used to simulate the residential area. The improved model is verified by comparison and analysis of the simulation results and the measured data. (3) the idea of single parameter analysis is used. A numerical experiment is designed to obtain the thermal environment change law of the block under different parameters. The main conclusion is that the influence of the building density and volume ratio on the thermal environment is nonlinear and non monotone. When the building density and volume rate change, the response curve of the environmental temperature and comfort index is shown as a concave function similar to the two curve; The surface and outer surface material paving material, although the reflectivity is favorable to the thermal environment, but the excessive reflectivity will increase the average radiation temperature and even cause light pollution; building overhead, green space and greening, permeable pavement, water body and other underlying surfaces and sunshade structures are beneficial to the improvement of the thermal environment. (4) on the basis of the numerical test Considering the interaction between the factors affecting the thermal environment, combining each parameter, recombining the factors that are used in the regression analysis, the thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation model of the control detailed planning index are fitted. The model is programmed to develop the thermal environment prediction and evaluation software for urban control rules for city and city in Guangzhou. The simplified model of thermal environment evaluation and the software use the global sensitivity analysis to analyze the parameter uncertainty and sensitivity. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the thermal environment evaluation index is most sensitive to the building density and the number of floors; (2) the architectural aerial is third sensitive to WBGT, and the third sensitive factors for the strength of the heat island and the heat island. (3) the overall sensitivity index takes account of the interaction among various factors, which is more comprehensive and accurate for sensitivity analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU111;X16

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本文編號(hào)：1874954