本文選題：土壤污染 + 技術(shù)與設(shè)備　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展以及城市化速度的加快,土壤承受著越來(lái)越多的來(lái)自于工廠和人類(lèi)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的廢水、廢渣和廢氣。如果這些廢棄物得不到及時(shí)有效的處理便會(huì)隨著雨水滲入到土壤中,當(dāng)這些污染物累積到超過(guò)土壤的自?xún)裟芰Φ某潭葧r(shí)就會(huì)引起土質(zhì)的嚴(yán)重惡化,形成土壤污染。耕地土壤污染的主要原因是在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中過(guò)度使用農(nóng)藥、化肥等化學(xué)品。據(jù)環(huán)境保護(hù)部和國(guó)土資源部發(fā)布的關(guān)于我國(guó)首次土壤污染調(diào)查公告顯示,全國(guó)近兩成的耕地污染檢測(cè)超標(biāo),土壤污染治理迫在眉睫。土壤污染可分為無(wú)機(jī)物污染、有機(jī)物污染和復(fù)合型污染,針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)不同的污染類(lèi)型,研究人員從物理、化學(xué)和生物三個(gè)方向入手已研究出一系列的修復(fù)技術(shù),但對(duì)于修復(fù)設(shè)備的研究卻幾乎是一片空白。所以,本文從和人類(lèi)生活息息相關(guān)的耕地土壤污染的角度入手,提出兩種符合耕地土壤污染特點(diǎn)的修復(fù)技術(shù)與設(shè)備。首先是土壤換層修復(fù)技術(shù)與設(shè)備,提出一種全新的土壤修復(fù)技術(shù),該技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新性在于突破傳統(tǒng)的地表作業(yè),將地表污染較重的土壤通過(guò)換層機(jī)的表層土處理組件添加改良劑攪拌混合均勻后首先攤鋪到較深一層,深層的未被污染或者污染較輕的土壤通過(guò)深層土處理組件攤鋪到表層。土壤換層修復(fù)技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是效率高,處理后的地表平整,土壤顆粒大小均勻,不影響農(nóng)耕。其次是土壤耙松加熱修復(fù)技術(shù)與設(shè)備,利用翻松機(jī)構(gòu)將土壤翻松,將高溫高壓空氣通入地下土壤,并對(duì)尾氣作回收處理。土壤耙松加熱修復(fù)技術(shù)在污染類(lèi)型和修復(fù)深度方面彌補(bǔ)了土壤換層修復(fù)中存在的不足,同時(shí)也解決了現(xiàn)有技術(shù)二次污染的問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)土壤污染做全面調(diào)研,明確了我國(guó)土壤污染類(lèi)型,針對(duì)耕地土壤污染提出兩種切實(shí)可行的修復(fù)技術(shù)與設(shè)備,彌補(bǔ)了我國(guó)在這方面研究的部分空白,具有實(shí)用價(jià)值,對(duì)我國(guó)土壤污染修復(fù)技術(shù)與設(shè)備的進(jìn)一步研究具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial production and the acceleration of urbanization, the soil bears more and more waste water, waste residue and waste gas from factories and human activities. If these wastes can not be treated in a timely and effective manner, they will seep into the soil with Rain Water. When these pollutants accumulate beyond the self-purification ability of the soil, they will cause serious deterioration of soil quality and form soil pollution. The main cause of soil pollution is the overuse of pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals in agricultural production. According to the announcement issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources on the first soil pollution investigation in China, nearly 20% of the cultivated land pollution detection in the country exceeds the standard, and soil pollution control is imminent. Soil pollution can be divided into inorganic pollution, organic pollution and compound pollution. Aiming at different types of pollution in China, researchers have developed a series of remediation techniques from three aspects: physics, chemistry and biology. But the research of repair equipment is almost a blank. Therefore, from the point of view of cultivated land soil pollution, which is closely related to human life, this paper puts forward two kinds of remediation techniques and equipments which accord with the characteristics of cultivated land soil pollution. First of all, the technology and equipment of soil layer replacement is proposed, and a new soil remediation technology is put forward. The innovation of this technology is to break through the traditional surface operation. After mixing the seriously polluted soil through the surface soil treatment module of the layer changer and mixing the modifier evenly, the deep soil which is not polluted or less polluted is spread to the surface layer through the deep soil treatment module. The characteristics of soil layer replacement technique are high efficiency, smooth surface after treatment, uniform soil particle size and no effect on farming. Secondly, the technology and equipment of soil rake heating and repairing are used to loosen the soil and air at high temperature and high pressure into the underground soil, and the tail gas is recovered and treated. The technology of soil raking and heating remediation makes up for the deficiency of soil layer replacement in pollution type and depth, and also solves the problem of secondary pollution of existing technology. Through a comprehensive investigation of soil pollution in China, this paper defines the types of soil pollution in our country, and puts forward two feasible remediation technologies and equipment for cultivated land soil pollution, which make up some gaps in this field of research in our country. It has practical value and has certain guiding significance for the further research of soil pollution remediation technology and equipment in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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本文編號(hào)：1848007