本文選題：超濾 + BAF工藝��； 參考：《清華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：膜技術在城市給水和污水處理領域有著很多優(yōu)點,研究膜處理過程中膜污染形成的原因以及膜污染控制方法,對延緩膜使用壽命,降低運行成本有著重要意義。本論文以北京市碧水源科技有限公司平谷區(qū)再生水廠及再生水利用工程為依托,研究超濾處理曝氣生物濾池工藝出水過程中膜污染的機理及其膜污染控制。主要結論如下。超濾膜對BAF工藝出水中DOC、UV_(254)和COD_(Cr)濃度的去除率不高,僅僅在5%左右;對濁度的去除效果非常良好,出水濁度均維持在0.2NTU以下;對顆粒物的去除效果非常良好,去除率高達95%以上。在恒壓過濾和恒通量過濾兩種模式下,均發(fā)現(xiàn)了膜污染現(xiàn)象。通過SEM掃描電鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著過濾的進行,BAF工藝出水中的污染物沉積在超濾膜表面,形成了厚實的濾餅層。BAF工藝出水中不同親疏水性組分對于超濾膜造成的污染程度各不相同,四種組分對超濾膜污染的貢獻大小依次為親水性有機物疏水堿性有機物疏水酸性有機物弱疏水性有機物,其中親水性有機物和疏水堿性有機物引起不可逆污染的比例較高。當跨膜壓差超過70kPa時,超濾膜的比通量隨著跨膜壓差的升高變得更加嚴重。與中性條件相比,水溶液pH值在酸性條件下會加重超濾膜污染,并且造成的不可逆污染比例最高;而當pH值升高到10.5時,水中產(chǎn)生了碳酸鈣沉淀,但造成的膜污染是最輕的,表明無機顆粒物對超濾膜的污染影響不大。投加Ca2+會對超濾膜比通量產(chǎn)生一定有利影響,并且降低不可逆污染的比例。超濾膜的截留分子量在10kDa-100kDa范圍內(nèi)時,不可逆污染的比例隨膜孔徑的變大而升高。投加KMnO_4對BAF工藝出水進行氧化預處理,對改善超濾膜比通量的下降和減少不可逆污染比例效果不明顯。投加PAC進行吸附預處理,對改善超濾膜比通量的下降效果明顯,且超濾膜不可逆污染比例較投加KMnO4藥劑時低。PAC對BAF工藝出水中的DOC和UV254去除效果非常明顯,對水中的富里酸類物質、腐殖酸類物質和微生物代謝產(chǎn)物去除率達到40%-60%。投加PACl進行混凝預處理,對改善超濾膜比通量的下降效果非常明顯,不可逆污染比例下降也較為明顯。三種預處理效果為PACl混凝預處理PAC吸附預處理高錳酸鉀氧化預處理。
[Abstract]:Membrane technology has many advantages in the field of municipal water supply and sewage treatment. It is of great significance to study the causes of membrane fouling and the control methods of membrane fouling in order to delay the service life of membrane and reduce the running cost. Based on Pinggu Recycling Water Plant and Reclamation Water Utilization Project of Beijing Bi-water Technology Co., Ltd., the mechanism of membrane fouling and the control of membrane fouling during the effluent treatment of biological aerated filter were studied in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows. The removal rate of DOC UV254) and CODS-Cr2) concentration in the effluent of BAF process is not high, only about 5%, the turbidity removal effect is very good, the turbidity of effluent is kept below 0.2NTU, and the removal rate of particulate matter is up to 95%. Membrane fouling was found in the two modes of constant pressure filtration and constant flux filtration. The results of SEM scanning electron microscopy showed that the pollutants deposited on the surface of ultrafiltration membrane were deposited in the effluent from the process of filtration. The thick filter cake layer. BAF process produced different hydrophilic components in the effluent, which caused different pollution degree to the ultrafiltration membrane. The contribution of the four components to ultrafiltration membrane fouling is hydrophilic organic matter hydrophobic alkaline organic matter hydrophobic acid organic weak hydrophobic organic matter among which hydrophilic organic matter and hydrophobic alkaline organic matter cause irreversible pollution. When the transmembrane pressure difference exceeds 70kPa, the specific flux of the ultrafiltration membrane becomes more serious with the increase of the transmembrane pressure difference. Compared with the neutral condition, the pH value of the aqueous solution will aggravate the ultrafiltration membrane fouling under acidic conditions, and the irreversible fouling ratio will be the highest, while when the pH value increases to 10.5, the calcium carbonate precipitate in the water will be produced, but the membrane fouling will be the least. The results showed that inorganic particles had little effect on ultrafiltration membrane fouling. Adding Ca2 to UF membrane can influence the specific flux of UF membrane and reduce the ratio of irreversible fouling. When the molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane is in the range of 10kDa-100kDa, the ratio of irreversible fouling increases with the increase of membrane pore size. The addition of KMnO_4 to the oxidation pretreatment of the effluent from the BAF process has no obvious effect on the improvement of the specific flux of the ultrafiltration membrane and the reduction of the ratio of irreversible pollution. The adsorption pretreatment with PAC has obvious effect on improving the decrease of specific flux of ultrafiltration membrane, and the ratio of irreversible fouling of ultrafiltration membrane is lower than that of adding KMnO4 reagent. The removal effect of DOC and UV254 in the effluent of BAF process is very obvious. The removal rates of fulvic acids, humic acids and microbial metabolites in water reached 40-60. The effect of adding PACl in coagulation pretreatment is very obvious to improve the specific flux of ultrafiltration membrane, and the ratio of irreversible pollution is also obvious. The three pretreatment effects are PACl coagulation pretreatment, PAC adsorption pretreatment, potassium permanganate oxidation pretreatment.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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