本文選題：衡陽市區(qū) + 大氣顆粒物��； 參考：《南華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,人口密度也快速增加,向大氣環(huán)境排放的污染物也不斷增加�？諝忸w粒物是大氣污染物之一,其危害不僅與顆粒物濃度、粒徑有關,而且受到所吸附的化學成分的影響,顆粒物中所含重金屬對人體和環(huán)境的影響不容忽視。本文以衡陽市區(qū)作為研究對象,于2014年4-5月在四個典型的城市功能區(qū)設置采樣點,收集可吸入顆粒、TSP、PM2.5樣品。利用空氣動力學原理、重量法、火焰原子吸收法、原子熒光法、Tessier連續(xù)提取法分析了其粒徑分布、質量濃度、重金屬含量和重金屬的形態(tài)分布特征,并采用單因子評價法和內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法等方法進行評價,得到以下結論:(1)衡陽市區(qū)粒徑范圍為0.500-10.366 um的顆粒平均總數(shù)量為每立方米空氣中152.089個,平均總質量濃度為86.81ug/m3,可吸入顆粒的質量濃度和數(shù)量主要分布在細顆粒物上。(2)TSP的質量濃度平均值為230.8μg/m3。TSP平均質量濃度:工業(yè)區(qū)商業(yè)區(qū)交通干線民教生活區(qū)。部分樣品的質量濃度超過環(huán)境空氣質量標準(GB3095-2012)所規(guī)定的二級標準(300μg/m3)。采樣期間PM2.5的質量濃度平均值為118.9μg/m3。PM2.5平均質量濃度:工業(yè)區(qū)民教生活區(qū)商業(yè)區(qū)交通干線。24個樣品中有20個樣品的質量濃度超過環(huán)境空氣質量標準(GB3095-2012)所規(guī)定的二級標準(75μg/m3)。雨水沖刷可以使TSP濃度大幅度降低。而PM2.5會隨著相對濕度的增加,PM2.5的質量濃度逐漸減小。采樣點PM2.5與TSP質量濃度的比值平均值為51.52%,懸浮顆粒物主要以細顆粒物為主。(3)TSP與PM2.5樣品中重金屬濃度大小順序為:PbCuAsCdHg。TSP與PM2.5樣品中均有部分樣品的As、Cd濃度高于環(huán)境空氣質量標準(GB3095-2012)中規(guī)定環(huán)境空氣中參考濃度限值(As為0.06 ug/m3,Cd為0.05 ug/m3),工業(yè)區(qū)超標樣品較多;各種重金屬含量的PM2.5/TSP值均大于其大氣顆粒物質量濃度PM2.5/TSP值,重金屬更容易富集在細顆粒物中。(4)TSP和PM2.5四種重金屬單項污染指數(shù)達到安全等級的樣品所占總樣品數(shù)的百分比趨勢相同:HgPbCdAs,四個功能區(qū)重金屬的單項污染指數(shù)大小順序均為:AsCdPbHg。內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)評價所采樣品,處于安全和尚清潔級別的樣品占總量的比例TSP和PM2.5分別為41.67%和83.33%,超過背景值的樣品分別為50%和12.5%,處于中度污染和污染嚴重的樣品很少,且都是從工業(yè)區(qū)采得。(5)形態(tài)分析顯示TSP與PM2.5中重金屬的形態(tài)分布呈現(xiàn)相同的趨勢,As、Hg主要以殘渣態(tài)F5形式存在,較為穩(wěn)定,對人類健康和周邊環(huán)境的影響較小。Pb、Cd、Cu在(F1+F2+F3+F4)中存在較多,容易發(fā)生轉移。TSP與PM2.5中所含重金屬的生物有效性由強到弱順序均為:CdPbCuAsHg,其中Cu、Hg元素的生物有效性TSP強于PM2.5,而Pb、Cd、As元素的生物有效性PM2.5強于TSP。Pb、Cd、Cu、As為潛在生物可利用性元素,Hg為生物不可利用性元素。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the population density is increasing rapidly, and the pollutant emission to the atmosphere environment is also increasing.Air particulate matter is one of the air pollutants. Its harm is not only related to particle concentration and particle size, but also affected by the adsorbed chemical composition. The effects of heavy metals in particulate matter on human body and environment can not be ignored.In this paper, Hengyang urban area was used as the research object. Sampling points were set up in four typical urban functional areas in April-May 2014 to collect TSPP PM2.5 samples of respirable particles.The particle size distribution, mass concentration, heavy metal content and speciation of heavy metals were analyzed by means of aerodynamics, gravimetry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and Tessier continuous extraction.By using single factor evaluation method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, the following conclusions are obtained: the average total number of particles in Hengyang city is 152.089 per cubic meter of air, where the particle size ranges from 0.500 to 10.366 um.The average total mass concentration was 86.81ugp / m3. The mass concentration and quantity of inhalable particles were mainly distributed on fine particles. The average mass concentration of tsp was 230.8 渭 g/m3.TSP.The mass concentration of some samples exceeds the second class standard (300 渭 g / m ~ (3)) specified by the ambient air quality standard GB3095-2012.The average mass concentration of PM2.5 during sampling period is 118.9 渭 g/m3.PM2.5: traffic trunk line in commercial district of Minjiao living district in industrial area. Twenty out of 24 samples have mass concentration exceeding 75 渭 g / m ~ (3) specified in Ambient Air quality Standard (GB3095-2012).Rain Water can reduce the concentration of TSP by a large margin.However, the mass concentration of PM2.5 decreased with the increase of relative humidity.The average value of mass concentration of PM2.5 to TSP was 51.52, and the concentration of heavy metals in tsp and PM2.5 samples was in the order of:% PbCuAsCdHg.tsp and PM2.5 samples. The concentration of Ash CD in some samples was higher than that in ambient air.In the quality standard GB3095-2012, the limit value of reference concentration in ambient air is 0.06 ugm3Cd-0.06 ug-m3Cd-0.05ugm3N, and there are more samples in industrial area.The PM2.5/TSP value of heavy metal content was higher than the PM2.5/TSP value of atmospheric particulate mass concentration.Heavy metals were more easily enriched in fine particles. The percentage trend of heavy metals in the total number of samples with the four heavy metal pollution indexes reaching the safety grade was the same as that in the four functional regions, and the order of the single pollution index of the four functional regions was: 1% AsCdPbHg.According to the Nemero Comprehensive pollution Index, the proportion of the samples in the safety and cleanliness level was 41.67% and 83.33% of the total samples, respectively, while the samples exceeding the background value were 50% and 12.5%, respectively, and the samples with moderate and serious pollution were very few, and the proportion of the samples at the level of safety and cleanliness was 41.67% and 83.33%, respectively.The speciation analysis showed that the speciation distribution of heavy metals in TSP and PM2.5 showed the same trend, mainly in the form of residual F5, which was relatively stable.The effect on human health and the surrounding environment is less. PbCU is more common in F _ 1 F _ 2 F _ 3F _ 4.The bioavailability of heavy metals in tsp and PM2.5 is in the order of: CdPbCuAsHg, in which the bioavailability of CuPbCuAsHg is stronger than that of PM2.5.The bioavailability of PM2.5 is stronger than that of PM2.5.HG is a bioavailability element.
【學位授予單位】：南華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513;X823

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