本文選題：水利工程 + 河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《華北水利水電大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水利工程的建設(shè)和運行,滿足了人們在供水、發(fā)電、灌溉、防洪等方面的需求,但在造福人們的同時也改變了天然河流的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),影響了河流的生態(tài)環(huán)境,打破了河流的連續(xù)性,威脅了河流的水生生物生存。研究筑壩對河流的影響,有利于更正確的認識和了解河流生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,更好的維持河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康生命,從而實現(xiàn)人水和諧,這具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文以長江中下游江段為研究區(qū)域,選取宜昌站1956~2011年生態(tài)水文實測資料,以三峽、葛洲壩水利樞紐工程所控制的宜昌江段為研究對象,開展筑壩河流生態(tài)水文效應(yīng)研究,同時分析了下游水文情勢變化對重要魚類——中華鱘生境的影響,從而為保護中華鱘種群資源提供修復(fù)措施。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)在分析河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的基礎(chǔ)上,探討河流生態(tài)水文中生態(tài)流量的定義、計算方法等其他相關(guān)概念,并分析水利工程對河流生態(tài)水文中非生物要素和生物要素的影響。(2)采用線性傾向估計法、Mann-Kendall非參數(shù)秩次相關(guān)檢驗法對三峽水庫下游宜昌站近56年的流量、水溫、含沙量水文序列趨勢性演變進行對比性分析,結(jié)果表明:三峽水庫下游江段的枯水期流量呈整體上升趨勢,其余月份均為下降趨勢;秋、冬、早春季節(jié)內(nèi)的水溫表現(xiàn)為顯著性上升趨勢,其余月份表現(xiàn)為下降趨勢;而含沙量在全年中均表現(xiàn)為顯著的下降趨勢;依據(jù)筑壩對下游河流水文要素年際的改變,分析出三峽和葛洲壩水利樞紐的建設(shè)對河流的天然狀態(tài)改變較大,且三峽工程的影響程度更深。(3)通過三峽水庫下游水文情勢變化對重要魚類中華鱘生境影響,采用主成分分析法,提取出流量和水溫作為影響其繁殖期棲息地環(huán)境的主要影響因子,說明了中華鱘產(chǎn)卵活動的發(fā)生需要在水溫達到允許值的前提下,當下游產(chǎn)卵場流域內(nèi)流量的加大導(dǎo)致水位、含沙量以及流速等水力學(xué)條件發(fā)生能引起中華鱘產(chǎn)卵的變化范圍時,中華鱘的產(chǎn)卵繁殖行為才會發(fā)生。(4)通過對宜昌站中華鱘繁殖期月均流量、水溫、含沙量水文要素的序列進行分析,結(jié)果表明,期間內(nèi)流量、含沙量顯著減少,水溫顯著增加,結(jié)果表明了水利工程的建設(shè)改變了河流天然水文情勢的同時改變了下游河流水生生物生活環(huán)境,甚至威脅其生存。(5)三峽水庫下游中華鱘生態(tài)保護修復(fù)措施。分別從工程措施、非工程措施和管理措施三個方面進行論述。其中工程措施包括過魚工程措施、人工模擬產(chǎn)卵場和分層取水口;非工程措施包括人工增殖放流和實時監(jiān)測;管理措施包括生態(tài)調(diào)度和政府立法。在立法保護的同時應(yīng)當加強監(jiān)管力度,使得中華鱘的各種保護措施落到實處。
[Abstract]:The construction and operation of water conservancy projects meet the needs of people in water supply, power generation, irrigation, flood control and so on. However, it not only benefits people, but also changes the ecological system of natural rivers and affects the ecological environment of rivers.It breaks the continuity of the river and threatens the aquatic life of the river.The study of the influence of damming on the river is beneficial to understand and understand the river ecological environment more correctly, to maintain the healthy life of the river ecosystem, and to realize the harmony of human and water, which has important theoretical and practical significance.In this paper, taking the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area, the ecohydrological data of Yichang station from 1956 to 2011 are selected, and the ecohydrological effects of the damming river are studied by taking the Yichang section controlled by the three Gorges and Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project as the research object.At the same time, the influence of the change of the downstream hydrological situation on the habitat of the important fish, the Chinese Sturgeon, was analyzed, so as to provide the restoration measures for the protection of the Chinese Sturgeon population resources.The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of analyzing the structure and function of river ecosystem, the definition and calculation method of ecological discharge in river ecological hydrology are discussed.The influence of water conservancy engineering on non-biological and biological elements of river eco-hydrology is analyzed. (2) the method of linear tendency estimation and Mann-Kendall nonparametric rank correlation method are used to test the discharge and water temperature of Yichang Station downstream of the three Gorges Reservoir in recent 56 years.A comparative analysis of the trend evolution of hydrological series of sediment concentration shows that the flow rate in the lower reaches of the three Gorges Reservoir increases in the dry season and decreases in the rest of the month.During the early spring season, the water temperature showed a significant upward trend, and the remaining months showed a downward trend, while the sediment content showed a significant downward trend in the whole year; according to the interannual changes of the hydrological elements of the downstream rivers,The analysis shows that the construction of the three Gorges and Gezhouba water conservancy projects has a great change in the natural state of the rivers, and the three Gorges Project has a deeper influence on the habitat of the Chinese Sturgeon, which is important fish through the change of the hydrological situation in the lower reaches of the three Gorges Reservoir.Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the flow rate and water temperature as the main factors affecting the habitat environment of the Chinese Sturgeon during reproductive period. The results showed that the occurrence of spawning activities of Acipenser sinensis needed to reach the allowable value of water temperature.When the increase of discharge in the downstream spawning yard resulted in the range of variation of the spawning of Acipenser sinensis due to hydrodynamic conditions such as water level, sediment content and velocity of flow.The spawning reproduction behavior of Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) was analyzed by analyzing the series of hydrological factors such as average monthly discharge, water temperature and sediment content during the breeding period of Acipenser sinensis in Yichang Station. The results showed that the discharge and sediment content decreased significantly and the water temperature increased significantly during the period.The results show that the construction of water conservancy project not only changes the natural hydrological situation of the river, but also changes the living environment of aquatic organisms in the lower reaches of the river, and even threatens its survival. 5) the ecological protection and restoration measures of the Chinese Sturgeon in the lower reaches of the three Gorges Reservoir.Respectively from engineering measures, non-engineering measures and management measures to discuss three aspects.Engineering measures include fish engineering measures, artificial simulation of spawning grounds and stratified water intake; non-engineering measures include artificial multiplication, discharge and real-time monitoring; management measures include ecological regulation and government legislation.At the same time, legislation should be strengthened to protect the Chinese Sturgeon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X143;S931.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張鑫;丁志宏;謝國權(quán);白淑娟;;水庫運用對河流水文情勢影響的IHA法評價——以伊河陸渾水庫為例[J];水利與建筑工程學(xué)報;2012年02期

，

本文編號：1747157