本文選題：人工濕地 + 植物組合　； 參考：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工濕地作為一種經(jīng)濟有效的污水處理方式,過去幾年中得到迅速發(fā)展與推廣,然而傳統(tǒng)人工濕地主要通過原始濕地改建而來,其處理效果和應用范圍受到很大限制。環(huán)境溫度變化影響著濕地系統(tǒng)中微生物的活性,對濕地處理效果具有很大影響。針對傳統(tǒng)濕地系統(tǒng)冬季低溫處理性能不佳等問題,優(yōu)化濕地運行條件,構(gòu)建固定化生物膜復合流生態(tài)濕地工藝,開展固定化生物膜強化濕地系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定性研究,有效控制水體中有機物及氮等污染物。另外,濕地溫室氣體的排放作為一種濕地運行的副產(chǎn)物受到人們越來越多的關(guān)注,本文對不同濕地系統(tǒng)中甲烷的排放進行檢測并對其機理進行研究分析,為提高濕地運行效果、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境提供理論指導。本研究主要得出以下結(jié)論：(1)通過微宇宙實驗研究單種和混種植物人工濕地對人工污水的處理效果、甲烷釋放及其相應的微生物學機理,發(fā)現(xiàn)植物混種可以提高污水處理效率,但是較高的CH4釋放活性削弱了其環(huán)境效益。對不同植物種類及豐度條件下微生物多樣性進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)植物對產(chǎn)甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化菌的群落結(jié)構(gòu)影響不大,而在不同濕地系統(tǒng)中甲烷氧化菌的豐度差異較大,可能是導致濕地甲烷釋放差異的主要原因。另外,在本研究體系中,種植羊蹄在濕地污染物的去除過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用并可能對甲烷釋放產(chǎn)生重要影響。(2)比較分析了四個水力負荷(0.2、0.4、0.8和1.6m.d-1)對復合垂直流人工濕地系統(tǒng)污染物去除及甲烷排放的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著水力負荷(HL)增加,濕地對NH4+-N去除率逐漸降低(88%、87%、83%和76%),但對N03--N和CODMn的去除效率無顯著變化；由于濕地進水溶解氧(DO)含量較低,因此濕地有機物的去除主要以厭氧降解為主,HL的提高會導致CH4排放的增加,綜合考慮污染物去除及甲烷排放的環(huán)境效益,可控制濕地運行的HL為0.8 m.d-1。不同HL條件下,濕地系統(tǒng)中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化不明顯,但Down-flow和Up-flow之間微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化較大；濕地中硝化細菌主要為Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira,濕地Up-flow中菌群多樣性豐富,受HL影響較大,濕地Down-flow中氨單加氧酶基因amoA相對含量高于Up-flow,并且隨著HL的增加逐漸降低；反硝化菌在濕地中種類豐富,受HL影響顯著,亞硝酸還原酶基因nirS的相對含量要顯著高于amoA基因,高HL (1.6 m·d-1)條件下濕地Down-flow和Up-flow中nirS基因的相對含量顯著高于其它HL,說明反硝化菌群豐富,從而維持了N03--N穩(wěn)定高效地去除。對濕地Down-flow濕地中產(chǎn)甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化菌的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)甲烷古菌的相對含量隨著HL的增加而呈遞增趨勢,導致高HL條件下較高的甲烷釋放能力；甲烷氧化菌的含量僅在高(1.6 m.d-1)、低(0.2 m·d-1)HL之間存在差異。對其菌群結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)本實驗系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)甲烷古菌種類豐富,主要屬于Methanomicrobiales,不同HL條件下菌群結(jié)構(gòu)差異較大,甲烷氧化菌主要屬于Methylocystaceae,受HL影響較小。(3)復合垂直流人工濕地對微污染水源水NH4+-N具有較高的去除效率(約80%)并且隨時間變化表現(xiàn)出較高的穩(wěn)定性,NO3--N去除受環(huán)境溫度影響較顯著；由于進水有機物含量較低,進入濕地的有機物能夠很快被消耗,所以在環(huán)境溫度-4-39℃濕地的CODMn去除效率也較穩(wěn)定。在不同運行階段,濕地系統(tǒng)中氨氧化菌群表現(xiàn)出較高的相似性,可以維持NH4+-N去除效率穩(wěn)定；反硝化菌菌群結(jié)構(gòu)差異較大,其含量隨溫度變化顯著。
[Abstract]:Artificial wetland is an economical and effective way of sewage disposal, the rapid development and popularization of the past few years, however, the traditional artificial wetland mainly through original wetland reconstruction and its treatment effect and application scope is limited. The ambient temperature changes affect the activity of microorganisms in the wetland system, has great influence on wetland treatment effect in view of the traditional wetland system. The winter low temperature treatment of poor performance and other issues, to optimize the operating conditions of wetland, construction of the immobilized composite flow wetland ecological process, carry out the fixed biological film enhanced stability of the operation system of wetland, effectively control the organic matter and nitrogen pollutants in water. In addition, wetland greenhouse gas emissions as a by-product the wetland has attracted more and more attention, the emission of methane was detected in different wetland system and its mechanism Research and analysis, in order to improve the operation effect of wetlands, protect the ecological environment to provide the theoretical guidance. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the microcosm experiments of single and hybrid plants artificial wetland treatment of artificial wastewater, release of methane and its corresponding microbial mechanism, found that the plant mixture can improve the efficiency of sewage treatment, but the higher CH4 release activity weakened its environmental benefits. On the condition of different plant species and abundance of microbial diversity analysis showed little effect on plant community structure of methanogens and methanotrophs, and differences in the abundance of methane in different wetland system in oxidizing bacteria is larger, which may be the main reason for wetland methane release the difference in this study. In addition, in the system, in the process of removing pollutants in Rumex planting wetland plays an important role on the methane production and may release Have an important influence. (2) a comparative analysis of the four hydraulic load (0.2,0.4,0.8 and 1.6m.d-1) that influence on removal of integrated vertical flow constructed wetland system of pollutants and methane emission, with the increase of hydraulic load (HL), for the NH4+-N removal rate decreased gradually (88%, 87%, 83% and 76%), but the removal efficiency of the N03--N and CODMn had no significant change; because the influent dissolved oxygen (DO) content is low, so the wetland organic removal mainly by anaerobic degradation, the increase of HL will lead to increased CH4 emissions, and methane emissions of pollutants removal considering environmental benefits, can control the operation of the HL wetland is 0.8 m.d-1. HL under the condition of wetland microbial community structure change is not obvious, but between Down-flow and Up-flow changes of microbial community structure is relatively large; nitrifying bacteria are mainly Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira in the wetland, many bacteria in wetland Up-flow Like the rich, influenced by the HL, wetland Down-flow ammonia monooxygenase gene relative content of amoA is higher than Up-flow, and with the increase of HL gradually decreased; denitrifying bacteria species in the wetland is rich, was significantly affected by HL, the relative content of nitrite reductase gene nirS was significantly higher than that of amoA gene, HL (1.6 m D-1 and Down-flow nirS) the relative content of wetland under the condition of Up-flow gene in HL was significantly higher than the other, that denitrifying bacteria rich, in order to maintain a stable and efficient removal of N03--N. The analysis of wetland wetland Down-flow methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria found in methanogenic archaea relative content with the increase of HL while the trend was increasing, leading to high HL under the condition of high methane content; methane oxidizing bacteria only at high (1.6 m.d-1), low (0.2 M D-1) HL. The difference between microbial community structure analysis found that the Test system of the methanogens rich species, mainly belonging to Methanomicrobiales, the difference of microbial community structure under different HL conditions, the methane oxidizing bacteria are mainly Methylocystaceae, less affected by HL. (3) composite vertical flow artificial wetland has high removal efficiency of micro polluted water NH4+-N (about 80%) and time-varying performance high stability, removal of NO3--N affected by the ambient temperature is remarkable; because of the low influent organic concentration, organic matter into the wetland can be quickly consumed, so the environmental temperature -4-39 wetland CODMn removal efficiency is also more stable. At different operation stages, in the wetland system of ammonia oxidation bacteria showed similarity high, can maintain the NH4+-N removal efficiency is stable; denitrifying bacteria structure is different, its content changes significantly with temperature.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 ;Effect of carbon source on the denitrification in constructed wetlands[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2009年08期

2 D. Y. F. LAI;;Methane Dynamics in Northern Peatlands: A Review[J];Pedosphere;2009年04期

3 吳振斌,詹德昊,張晟,成水平,傅貴萍,賀峰;復合垂直流構(gòu)建濕地的設計方法及凈化效果[J];武漢大學學報(工學版);2003年01期

，

本文編號：1744114