本文選題：有效微量元素　切入點：評價　出處：《西北農林科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：微量元素對于人、動物、植物都有著非常重要的作用。一百多年以來,國內外對微量元素的研究不斷發(fā)展。一方面,從生物學角度來解釋微量元素對動、植物營養(yǎng)生長以及人體健康影響的機理作用,從生理生化的基礎研究中尋求突破,不斷進步;另一方面,從宏觀尺度,從地球化學、地質的角度對微量元素的時空分布特征進行研究。為了方便指導農業(yè)生產,眾多研究者將研究重點放在了制定科學合理的微量元素豐缺指標體系。我們利用從陜西省西安市2007-2011測土配方施肥工作中所得到數(shù)據(jù),從不同的角度對西安市耕層土壤的有效微量元素進行了分析。以期能為以后制定西安市土壤微量元素豐缺指標體系提供參考,打下良好的基礎。研究結果表明:(1)參考全國農業(yè)系統(tǒng)土壤速效微量元素豐缺指標(1985)對西安市耕層土壤有效微量元素含量豐缺情況進行了評價,西安市土壤有效鐵含量處于中等偏高水平,有效錳含量處于中等偏低水平,有效銅含量、有效鋅含量豐富,水溶態(tài)硼含量處于中等偏高的水平。與80年代相比,西安市土壤的有機質、有效鐵、有效錳、有效銅、有效鋅、有效硼含量均有不同程度的提高。其中,有效鋅含量提高最為明顯,平均含量是80年代的4.1倍。(2)不同類型土壤有效態(tài)微量元素含量差異明顯,在西安市17個具有代表性的亞類土壤中,潛育水稻土有效鐵含量均值最高,達到25.468mg/kg。為極豐富水平,這是因為水稻土長期淹水缺氧,促進了鐵的還原,增加了鐵的有效性;灌淤土的有效鐵含量均值最低,僅為3.021 mg/kg,這和灌淤土的高pH值密切相關。典型紅粘土、石灰性紫色土的有效錳平均含量較高,達到了豐富水平,這可能與它們的成土母質有很大關系。淋溶褐土的有效錳平均含量最低,為6.227mg/kg,這和其淋溶作用較強有關。整體來看,西安市不同亞類土壤存在著不同程度的缺錳現(xiàn)象。黃綿土的有效銅平均含量最高,達到2.612 mg/kg;淋溶褐土的有效銅平均含量最低,為0.690 mg/kg。X土的有效鋅平均含量最高,達到了4.018 mg/kg;白漿化棕壤的有效鋅平均含量最低,為1.102 mg/kg,整體來看,所有亞類土壤的有效鋅平均含量都在豐富水平以上。(3)7個質地土壤有效微量元素含量差異顯著,砂質土壤的有效鐵、有效銅、有效鋅含量較高,而粘質土的有效錳含量較高。(4)以未央區(qū)土壤為例,同一地區(qū)不同植物土壤有效態(tài)微量元素的的含量差異不是特別明顯。植物對土壤有效微量元素的影響可能小于其他因素。(5)pH與有效鐵、有效錳、有效銅、有效鋅的相關系數(shù)分別為-0.561、-0.358、-0.133、-0.299,呈現(xiàn)出極顯著的負相關性。有機質與有效鐵、有效銅呈極顯著的負相關性,但相關系數(shù)較低;與有效錳呈極顯著的正相關性,相關系數(shù)同樣較低;與有效鋅沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著的相關性。(6)西安市不同地區(qū)土壤有效微量元素含量差異顯著。有效鐵:長安區(qū)戶縣藍田縣未央區(qū)閻良區(qū)灞橋區(qū)臨潼區(qū)高陵縣;有效錳:灞橋區(qū)戶縣閻良區(qū)長安區(qū)藍田縣未央區(qū)高陵縣臨潼區(qū);有效銅:未央區(qū)灞橋區(qū)閻良區(qū)戶縣高陵縣長安區(qū)藍田縣臨潼區(qū);有效鋅:閻良區(qū)灞橋區(qū)戶縣未央區(qū)臨潼區(qū)高陵縣長安區(qū)藍田縣。(7)西安市土壤有效態(tài)微量元素分布存在一定的地帶性,有效鐵含量呈現(xiàn)出由西向東,由南向北都先減后增的明顯趨勢;有效錳、有效銅的變化趨勢較為平緩;西安市東北地區(qū)的土壤有效鋅含量較其他地區(qū)高很多。
[Abstract]:Trace elements for human, animal, plants have a very important role. In more than 100 years, the domestic and foreign research on trace elements in the development. On the one hand, from a biological point of view to explain the dynamic mechanism of trace elements, plant growth and human health effects, from the basic physiological and biochemical research in seeking a breakthrough. Progress; on the other hand, from the macro scale, from geochemistry, the spatial-temporal distribution of trace elements in the geological perspective. In order to facilitate the guidance of agricultural production, many researchers focus on the study of trace elements to establish scientific and reasonable index system. We use from Shaanxi City in Xi'an province 2007-2011 test data the soil fertilizer work, analyzed the effective trace elements of soil in Xi'an city from different angles. In order to develop Xi'an city soil trace element Element abundance index system for reference, and lay a good foundation. The results show that: (1) the national agricultural system of soil available trace elements abundance index (1985) of the effective content of trace elements in Xi'an city of soil abundance were evaluated, the contents of effective iron in soil of Xi'an city in the medium to high level, effective manganese the content in the medium low level, effective copper content, effective zinc content of water soluble boron content in the middle high level. Compared with 80s, organic matter, Xi'an city soil available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn efficient, effective boron content had different degrees of improvement. Among them, the content of available Zn the most significant increase, the average content is 4.1 times that of 80s. (2) difference of available trace elements in soil of different types, in the city of Xi'an, 17 representative types of soil in gleyed paddy soils are the effective iron content The highest value reached 25.468mg/kg., is very rich, this is because the long-term flooded paddy soil anoxia, promote iron reduction, increase the availability of iron; irrigation silted soil effective iron content the lowest, only 3.021 mg/kg, and the irrigation silted soil of high pH value are closely related. The typical red clay, average the content of Mn in calcareous purple soil was higher, reached the rich level, which may have a great relationship with soil parent material. Their average contents of available manganese leaching cinnamon soil was 6.227mg/kg, the lowest, and its strong eluviation. Overall, Xi'an City, different types of soil are manganese deficiency phenomenon in different degree the average Loessial soil available copper content in the highest, reaching 2.612 mg/kg; the average cinnamon soil available copper content is the lowest, average zinc content of 0.690 mg/kg.X soil is the highest, reached 4.018 mg/kg; the average content of available zinc in Albic Soil The lowest is 1.102 mg/kg, overall, the average zinc content of all types of soil are rich in the level above. (3) the difference of 7 soil available trace elements content significantly, effective iron, sandy soil available Cu, Zn and Mn content is higher, the higher content of clay (4). In Weiyang District Soil as an example, the difference of the content of available trace elements in different plant soil of the same area is not obvious. Effect of plant on soil available trace elements may be less than other factors. (5) pH and Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and the correlation coefficients were -0.561, -0.358, -0.133 -0.299, showed a significant negative correlation. The organic matter and available iron, a negative significant correlation between available Cu, but the correlation coefficient is low; a significant positive correlation with Mn, the correlation coefficient was low; and Zn showed no significant The correlation (6). The difference in different areas in Xi'an, the soil available microelement contents significantly. Fe: Gaoling County Lintong District Baqiao District Yanliang District Changan District Huxian Lantian County Weiyang District; Lintong District of Baqiao Changan District, Mn: Huxian District Yanliang District Lantian County Weiyang District of Gaoling County; Huxian Yanliang copper: effective area of Baqiao District of Gaoling Changan District County, Lantian County, Lintong District, Weiyang District; Yanliang District of Lintong Huxian zinc zone Baqiao Weiyang District of Gaoling Changan District County Lantian County Xi'an city. (7) soil available trace elements distribution of zonality, effective iron content shows from west to East, from the south to the north are the first to significantly reduce trend after increase the change trend; available manganese, available copper is gentle; soil available zinc content in the northeast area of Xi'an city is much higher than other regions.

【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X825

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