本文選題：鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯　切入點(diǎn)：鎘　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄰苯二甲酸酯類化合物(Phthalic acid esters,PAEs)作為一類環(huán)境內(nèi)分泌干擾物,其對(duì)環(huán)境生物的潛在毒性是目前國(guó)際上關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。本研究以塑料制品生產(chǎn)中廣泛使用的增塑劑鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)為主要研究對(duì)象。應(yīng)用生態(tài)毒理學(xué)、生物化學(xué)和遺傳毒理學(xué)的研究與分析方法,從個(gè)體水平上研究了DBP單一作用對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物赤子愛(ài)勝蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性效應(yīng)、從細(xì)胞和分子水平上研究了DBP單一及DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)蚯蚓的遺傳毒性以及對(duì)蚯蚓體內(nèi)酶活性的影響,以便對(duì)DBP對(duì)土壤生物的影響做出早期預(yù)警,從而為確立DBP的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供重要依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)論主要如下:(1)采用濾紙法和人工土壤法測(cè)定了DBP對(duì)蚯蚓的急性毒性效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:濾紙法測(cè)得DBP的半數(shù)致死濃度24h-LC50為9.78mg/cm2,48h-LC50為6.8mg/cm2;人工土壤法測(cè)得DBP的半數(shù)致死濃度14d-LC50為2364.8mg/kg。DBP對(duì)蚯蚓的急性毒性屬于低毒。(2)DBP單一作用對(duì)蚯蚓體內(nèi)酶活性的影響研究表明:DBP單一作用對(duì)SOD、POD、AChE表現(xiàn)為抑制作用,隨著染毒時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)及DBP濃度的增加,對(duì)SOD、POD、AChE抑制作用越明顯,當(dāng)DBP濃度達(dá)到100mg/kg,顯著抑制了SOD、POD、AChE活性。100mg/kg DBP處理組CAT活性先升高后降低,染毒后期DBP對(duì)CAT活性抑制作用加劇。染毒后期,高濃度DBP顯著抑制了GST活性。隨著染毒時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),DBP處理組對(duì)MDA含量整體上呈明顯的激活趨勢(shì)。蚯蚓酶活性與DBP濃度及染毒時(shí)間存在一定的效應(yīng)關(guān)系。(3)DBP單一作用對(duì)蚯蚓體內(nèi)DNA損傷的影響研究表明:經(jīng)不同濃度DBP處理,蚯蚓細(xì)胞DNA均有損傷,而且隨著DBP濃度的增加,蚯蚓體腔細(xì)胞OTM值具有明顯上升的趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明DNA損傷程度與DBP的濃度呈現(xiàn)良好的劑量-效應(yīng)關(guān)系。(4)DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)蚯蚓體內(nèi)酶活性的影響研究表明:低濃度DBP(5mg/kg)與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)SOD、POD活性染毒初期表現(xiàn)為一定拮抗作用,高濃度DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)SOD、CAT、POD活性染毒初期表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用,隨著染毒時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)及DBP濃度的增加,DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用主要表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用。高濃度DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)GST、AChE、MDA含量主要表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用。整個(gè)染毒過(guò)程中,高濃度DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)蚯蚓體內(nèi)酶活性表現(xiàn)協(xié)同作用明顯。(5)DBP與Cd復(fù)合作用對(duì)蚯蚓體DNA損傷的影響研究表明:復(fù)合作用染毒初期,低濃度DBP(5mg/kg)與Cd復(fù)合組表現(xiàn)為輕度的拮抗作用,高濃度DBP與Cd復(fù)合組表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用。隨著染毒時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)及DBP濃度增加,DBP與Cd復(fù)合組表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用,DBP與Cd復(fù)合對(duì)DNA損傷程度加劇。
[Abstract]:As a class of environmental endocrine disruptors, the potential toxicity of phthalic acid ester (phthalic acid) to environmental organisms is a hot issue in the world.In this study, the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which is widely used in plastics production, is the main research object.Using the methods of ecotoxicology, biochemistry and genetic toxicology, the acute toxicity of DBP to Eisenia fetida, a soil animal, was studied at individual level.The genotoxicity of DBP and the combination of DBP and CD on earthworms and the effects of DBP on soil organisms were studied at the cellular and molecular levels, so as to give early warning of the effects of DBP on soil organisms.So as to establish the ecological risk of DBP provides an important basis.The results were as follows: (1) the acute toxicity of DBP to earthworms was determined by filter paper method and artificial soil method.緇撴灉琛ㄦ槑:婊ょ焊娉曟祴寰桪BP鐨勫崐鏁拌嚧姝繪祿搴，

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