本文選題：跨界水污染　切入點：描述模式　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)取得了前所未有的成就，成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟體；但是伴隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，我們的生態(tài)環(huán)境出現(xiàn)了巨大的危機，其中以水污染最為嚴重。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，我國的十大流域一半以上都受到了嚴重的污染，直接影響到流域內(nèi)幾億人口的生存問題，并且由水污染所引發(fā)的群體性事件密集爆發(fā)，成為國家和全社會群眾普遍關(guān)注的重大問題。 與非跨界水污染相比，跨界水污染事件普遍存在著影響范圍廣、污染強度大、社會影響嚴重和治理復(fù)雜等特征�？缃缢廴镜倪@些特征給我們政府的治理帶來了嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)。本文針對我國跨界水污染治理方面存在的問題，在對國內(nèi)外跨界水污染治理成功經(jīng)驗與研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，以我國跨界流域為研究對象，從政府治理角度出發(fā)，開展跨界水污染治理模式研究。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容分為如下幾個部分： 第一部分：對跨界水污染治理模式的相關(guān)概念與具體運用到的基本原理進行解釋說明。 第二部分：收集近年我國流域水污染的數(shù)據(jù)與重大流域水污染事件，分析出我國跨界水污染的現(xiàn)狀，提出政府治理的重要性；并且根據(jù)我國流域水污染的現(xiàn)狀總結(jié)出我國跨界水污染的主要特征，包括跨界性、社會性、復(fù)雜性和非暢流性。 第三部分：參考國內(nèi)外跨界水污染治理的成功經(jīng)驗與研究成果，結(jié)合我國跨界水污染的現(xiàn)狀，提出了區(qū)域政府“理性人”、流域各行政管轄區(qū)具有自主決策的資格、污染效果間接不累積、污染排放可人為調(diào)控和污染物的環(huán)境損害成本遠大于消減成本等六個基本假設(shè)，從宏觀上構(gòu)建了我國跨界水污染描述模型和跨界水污染治理模型。 第四部分：通過我國行政分割性的現(xiàn)狀分析出我國目前的跨界水污染治理模式——碎片化治理模式；結(jié)合水污染描述模型分析碎片化治理模型在解決我國跨界流域水污染問題中存在的諸多困境，包括：缺乏主體協(xié)作治理意識、主管部門設(shè)置不合理、治理主體缺位或失位、缺乏激勵約束機制和缺乏利益協(xié)調(diào)機制。 第五部分：為打破現(xiàn)行治理模式的局限性，必須尋求跨界治理的變革，適時提出了跨界水污染合作協(xié)調(diào)治理模式，總結(jié)了構(gòu)建合作協(xié)調(diào)治理模式的幾點建議：完善法律法規(guī)、落實流域管理機構(gòu)的主體地位、完善流域治理的動力激勵機制、構(gòu)建信息溝通反饋機制、完善監(jiān)督約束機制和完善利益協(xié)調(diào)機制。 第六部分：通過對淮河流域的案例分析，，擬探討出淮河流域治理方面的“困境”與“出路”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic construction has made unprecedented achievements, becoming the second largest economy in the world, but with the economic development, our ecological environment has emerged a huge crisis, among which water pollution is the most serious.According to statistics, more than half of the ten major watersheds in our country have been seriously polluted, which directly affects the survival of hundreds of millions of people in the river basins, and the mass events caused by water pollution erupt intensively.It has become a major issue of general concern to the state and the whole society.Compared with non-transboundary water pollution, transboundary water pollution events generally have the characteristics of wide range of influence, large pollution intensity, serious social impact and complex treatment.These characteristics of cross-boundary water pollution bring serious challenge to our government.Aiming at the existing problems in the field of transboundary water pollution control in China, based on the successful experience and research results of transboundary water pollution control at home and abroad, this paper takes the transboundary river basin in China as the research object and proceeds from the angle of government management.To carry out research on the model of transboundary water pollution control.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first part explains the related concepts and basic principles of transboundary water pollution control model.The second part: collect the water pollution data and major watershed water pollution events in recent years, analyze the current situation of transboundary water pollution in China, and put forward the importance of government management;According to the present situation of river basin water pollution in China, the main characteristics of transboundary water pollution in China are summarized, including transborder, sociality, complexity and non-smooth flow.The third part: referring to the successful experience and research results of transboundary water pollution control at home and abroad, combining with the present situation of transboundary water pollution in China, the paper puts forward that the regional government "rational person", each administrative district of river basin has the independent decision-making qualification.There are six basic hypotheses that the pollution effect is not accumulated indirectly, the pollution discharge can be controlled artificially and the cost of environmental damage of pollutants is much higher than that of reducing cost. The description model of transboundary water pollution and the control model of transboundary water pollution in China are built from the macroscopic view.The fourth part: through the analysis of the current situation of administrative division in China, the paper analyzes the current mode of transboundary water pollution control in China-fragmentation treatment model;Based on the water pollution description model, this paper analyzes many difficulties in solving the water pollution problem of transboundary river basin in China, including: lack of consciousness of subject coordination, unreasonable setting of competent department, absence or loss of main body of governance, etc.Lack of incentive and restraint mechanism and lack of interest coordination mechanism.The fifth part: in order to break the limitation of the current governance mode, we must seek for the transformation of the cross-border governance, put forward the coordinated and cooperative management mode of transboundary water pollution timely, summarize the several suggestions of constructing the cooperative and coordinated management mode: perfect the laws and regulations,The main body status of watershed management organization should be realized, the dynamic incentive mechanism of watershed management should be perfected, the information communication and feedback mechanism should be constructed, the supervision and restriction mechanism and the interest coordination mechanism should be perfected.The sixth part: through the case analysis of Huaihe River Basin, this paper discusses the "predicament" and "way out" in Huaihe River Basin management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630;X52

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