本文選題：解剖結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：冷凍切片　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：植物在改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的同時(shí)也在適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化,葉片解剖形態(tài)的變化一方面是植物適應(yīng)環(huán)境的結(jié)果,另一方面也可用來指示環(huán)境的變化。本文以西安市常見綠化樹種大葉黃楊(Euonymus japonicus)、大葉女貞(Ligustrum lucidum)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、石楠(Photinia serrulata)、小葉女貞(Ligustrum quihoui)以及紫葉李(Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii)為研究對象,采用冷凍切片和顯微成像技術(shù)研究了葉的解剖特征;同時(shí)探討了這些特征與空氣污染之間的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識植物對城市環(huán)境的適應(yīng)提供依據(jù),為城市綠化植物的選擇提供一些科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)不同植物葉片解剖結(jié)構(gòu)的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律基本相同,葉片厚度變化存在一定的波動(dòng)性但總體呈上升趨勢,角質(zhì)層厚度都呈現(xiàn)出先降低后升高的趨勢,表皮細(xì)胞總體呈下降趨勢,柵欄組織厚度呈緩慢上升趨勢,海綿組織厚度先升高后降低;整個(gè)葉片中,柵欄組織所占比例逐漸增大,葉片緊密程度越來越大。(2)幾種植物葉片都具有上下兩層角質(zhì)層,上下兩層表皮細(xì)胞,葉肉細(xì)胞都明顯分化為柵欄組織與海綿組織。上角質(zhì)層厚度大于下角質(zhì)層厚度,上表皮厚度大于下表皮厚度,柵欄組織排列緊密,海綿組織排列疏松。不同植物葉片解剖結(jié)構(gòu)均具有顯著性差異,其中以海綿組織與葉組織結(jié)構(gòu)疏松度變化幅度較大。解剖結(jié)構(gòu)之間存在著一定的相關(guān)關(guān)系,葉片上下角質(zhì)層厚度,海綿組織厚度,葉片厚度之間存在顯著或極顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,葉片厚度受角質(zhì)層厚度和海綿組織厚度的影響較大。(3)大葉女貞、小葉女貞、紫葉李、海桐、石楠以及大葉黃楊6種植物葉片解剖結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)的綜合指標(biāo)變異系數(shù)分別為13.9%、12.7%、10.8%、10.2%、9.2%和9.8%,可塑性指數(shù)分別為0.345、0.298、0.271、0.255、0.243和0.238;6種植物的生態(tài)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)弱為:大葉女貞小葉女貞紫葉李海桐石楠大葉黃楊。各解剖結(jié)構(gòu)中柵欄組織,海綿組織,柵海比具有較大的可塑性,說明在應(yīng)對不同環(huán)境時(shí)柵欄組織與海綿組織其主導(dǎo)作用。(4)6種植物葉片的角質(zhì)層厚度幾乎都與CO濃度呈顯著或極顯著的正相關(guān),與O3濃度呈顯著或極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。而小葉女貞和紫葉李的角質(zhì)層厚度與PM10濃度也存在顯著性相關(guān)關(guān)系。所研究的6種植物中,大葉黃楊、大葉女貞、海桐和小葉女貞4種植物的海綿組織與O3濃度呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Plants not only improve the urban ecological environment, but also adapt to the changes in the environment. On the one hand, the changes in the anatomical morphology of leaves are the result of the adaptation of plants to the environment. On the other hand, it can also be used to indicate the change of environment. In this paper, Euonymus japonicusus, Ligustrum lucidumum, Pittosporum tobirama, Photinia serrulataae, Liguquihouiae and Prunus ceraifera cv. Pissardii, common greening tree species in Xi'an, were studied. The anatomical characteristics of leaves were studied by using frozen slices and microimaging techniques, and the relationship between these characteristics and air pollution was also discussed, which provided a basis for further understanding the adaptation of plants to the urban environment. The main results are as follows: (1) the seasonal variation of leaf anatomical structure of different plants is basically the same, and the variation of leaf thickness is fluctuating but rising generally. The thickness of cuticle decreased first and then increased, the thickness of palisade tissue increased slowly, the thickness of spongy tissue increased first and then decreased, and the proportion of palisade tissue increased gradually in the whole leaf. Each plant has two layers of cuticle, two layers of epidermis, two layers of epidermis, and the mesophyll cells are obviously differentiated into palisade tissue and spongy tissue. The thickness of the upper cuticle is greater than that of the lower cuticle. The thickness of upper epidermis is greater than that of lower epidermis, palisade tissue is closely arranged, sponge tissue is loosely arranged. There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between the thickness of the upper and lower cuticle of leaves, the thickness of sponge tissue, and the thickness of leaf. Leaf thickness was influenced by cuticle thickness and sponge tissue thickness. The coefficient of variation of the comprehensive indexes of leaf anatomical structure of six plants of Photinia and Populus davidiana were 13.9and 12.710.8, respectively, and the index of plasticity was 0.3450.2980.2710.2550.243 and 0.23886, respectively. The ecological adaptability of six species of plants was 0.3450.2981.0.2550.243 and 0.23886.The ecological adaptability of six species of plants was 0.3450.2980.271and 0.23886.The ecological adaptability of the six plants was 12.710.8% and 9.8%, respectively. The palisade tissue in each anatomical structure, Sponge tissue, the ratio of grid to sea has great plasticity, indicating that the cuticle thickness of leaves of six species of plants, palisade tissue and spongy tissue, has a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with CO concentration in response to different environments, the dominant role of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is. There was also a significant correlation between the cuticle thickness of Ligustrum lucidum and Plum purpurea and the concentration of PM10. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of O3 and the spongy tissue of four species of Ligustrum microphylla.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X51

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