本文選題：廚余垃圾　切入點(diǎn)：水熱　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于我國生活垃圾日益增長的趨勢和相對不足的垃圾處理能力,使得如何有效處理生活垃圾成為一個(gè)必須面對的技術(shù)難題�？紤]到生活垃圾分類之后的廚余垃圾含有大量的有機(jī)質(zhì),養(yǎng)分豐富,具有制取有機(jī)肥的天然條件。而水熱法是一種有效的廚余垃圾資源化利用的處理技術(shù),因此開展廚余垃圾水熱制取有機(jī)肥的研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文以實(shí)驗(yàn)研究為主,分析廚余垃圾水熱產(chǎn)物的轉(zhuǎn)化特性和各類肥效指標(biāo)。結(jié)合水熱過程中腐殖質(zhì)的生成途徑,分析氫離子在水熱過程中對腐殖質(zhì)形成的促進(jìn)作用以及重金屬和鹽分在水熱過程中的遷移特性。全文主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 水熱處理過后的廚余垃圾腐殖化程度高,有機(jī)質(zhì)中有超過2/5是以腐殖質(zhì)的形態(tài)存在。同時(shí)在205℃,50min工況下廚余垃圾的腐殖化率達(dá)到1.31,腐熟度很高,這也在紅外光譜的分析過程中得到了驗(yàn)證。另外通過水熱處理原生垃圾實(shí)現(xiàn)制取有機(jī)肥的效果與處理模擬垃圾的效果相一致。在典型工況下對原生垃圾進(jìn)行水熱處理,腐殖質(zhì)含量達(dá)到33.82%,腐殖化率達(dá)到1.19,雖然相對模擬垃圾要偏低,但也較好的驗(yàn)證了水熱法制取有機(jī)肥的可行性。 氫離子對水熱過程的腐殖質(zhì)的形成及腐殖化率的提高有一定的促進(jìn)作用。加酸水熱處理過后的腐殖質(zhì)含量比未加酸要略高一點(diǎn),而加酸之后的腐殖化率相對未加酸要上升不少。同時(shí)在反應(yīng)溫度較高的水熱初期,無機(jī)弱酸所表現(xiàn)出的促進(jìn)作用更明顯。 水熱處理能促進(jìn)重金屬向穩(wěn)定態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。水熱處理過程中,廚余中重金屬Cu、Pb的殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)和可氧化態(tài)的比例明顯增加,As的穩(wěn)定性也略微增加,Zn由于易于同小分子腐殖質(zhì)結(jié)合,其殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)變化不明顯。另外水熱處理后絕大部分鹽分停留在水解液中,固相中的鹽分濃度很低。液相中NaCl含量占比都在85%以上。而添加不同濃度的NaCl對腐殖質(zhì)的含量影響不是很明顯,在高濃度的NaCl工況下,腐殖化率略微偏低。 綜上所述,水熱處理是一種有效的廚余垃圾土地利用技術(shù)。通過水熱法處理廚余垃圾,能較快速地達(dá)到制肥的效果。水熱產(chǎn)物的總養(yǎng)分和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均在國家農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求之內(nèi),其中總氮磷鉀含量在5%以上,有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量在60%-70%,很好地保存了廚余中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasing trend of domestic waste and the relatively insufficient garbage disposal capacity in China, This makes the effective disposal of domestic waste a technical problem that must be faced. Considering that the kitchen waste after the classification of domestic waste contains a large amount of organic matter and is rich in nutrients, It has the natural condition of making organic fertilizer, and the hydrothermal method is an effective treatment technology for the utilization of kitchen waste. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop the research on the production of organic fertilizer from kitchen waste by water and heat. In this paper, the transformation characteristics and various fertilizer efficiency indexes of the hydrothermal products of kitchen waste are analyzed, and the formation of humus in the process of water and heat is combined. The effects of hydrogen ions on the formation of humus and the transport characteristics of heavy metals and salts during hydrothermal process were analyzed. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. After hydrothermal treatment, the humification degree of kitchen waste was high, and more than 2/5 of the organic matter existed in the form of humus. At the same time, the humification rate of kitchen waste reached 1.31 and the maturity was very high at 205 鈩，

本文編號：1613038