本文選題：懸浮物　切入點(diǎn)：反射率　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：利用遙感技術(shù)對(duì)水體水質(zhì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)的方法,是一種目前已經(jīng)為人們所認(rèn)識(shí)、接受的高科技監(jiān)測(cè)方法。與傳統(tǒng)以點(diǎn)代面的布設(shè)水質(zhì)觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的方法相比,該方法可以對(duì)大范圍的水域做到快速有效的監(jiān)測(cè)。但是,目前使用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)由于幾何分辨率和光譜分辨率的限制,對(duì)于河流水質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè)存在一些局限性,并且傳統(tǒng)的利用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)反演水質(zhì)參數(shù)的方法,很少考慮水深的影響,本文認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)不足之處�？紤]到一般衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)河流水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)的局限性,本文以成都市錦江為研究區(qū),以懸浮物作為水質(zhì)污染參數(shù)的研究對(duì)象,使用成像光譜儀來(lái)完成水質(zhì)光譜數(shù)據(jù)的收集,探究了不同濃度的懸浮物和不同水體深度對(duì)水體光譜特征的影響。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究成果如下：(1)懸浮物濃度數(shù)據(jù)和光譜數(shù)據(jù)的采集根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案設(shè)定的水質(zhì)采樣點(diǎn),實(shí)地進(jìn)行水樣的采集,并且在實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成懸浮物濃度的測(cè)量。本文創(chuàng)新性的提出了白板法來(lái)采集懸浮物水體的光譜數(shù)據(jù),分別在不同懸浮物濃度和不同水體深度下采集水體中白板的光譜數(shù)據(jù)。(2)水體光譜數(shù)據(jù)的處理選取成像光譜儀影像上陶瓷白板上的十個(gè)點(diǎn),通過(guò)均值化得到水體中白板在成像光譜儀全波上的反射率值,考慮到噪聲的影響,最后選取的是400—900nm波段的反射率值。由于成像光譜儀的高光譜分辨率,白板反射率數(shù)據(jù)存在噪聲干擾,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的壓縮,最后在400—900nmm波段上得到水體中不同濃度和深度白板平滑的反射率光譜曲線。(3)不同濃度下懸浮物的反射光譜特征隨著懸浮物濃度的增大,水體中白板的反射都普遍減小,但是減幅不同；反射率曲線具有雙峰性,當(dāng)懸浮物濃度較低時(shí),第一反射峰值在綠光波段,隨著濃度的增大,第一反射峰值向紅光波段移動(dòng),第二反射峰基本沒(méi)有改變；在紅外波段上,懸浮物濃度高的反射率較懸浮物濃度低的減小慢。(4)不同深度下懸浮物的反射光譜特征隨著深度的增加,白板反射率值都逐漸減小；不同濃度的懸浮物水體,對(duì)深度的敏感程度不一致,高濃度最敏感,中濃度次之,低濃度較差；波段對(duì)深度的差異性,不同濃度的水體,在不同的波段上對(duì)深度的敏感程度不一致。(5)不同懸浮濃度和深度與反射率之間模型的建立分別基于單波段模型、波段比值模型和光譜反射率微分模型,進(jìn)行了反射率與懸浮物濃度的相關(guān)性分析,確定了各模型的最敏感波段,根據(jù)敏感波段進(jìn)行擬合,結(jié)果表明幾種條件下二次項(xiàng)的擬合效果最好；同樣的方法,在深度與反射率之間進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,最后擬合深度與反射率的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于高濃度和中等濃度水體,冪擬合效果最好,低濃度水體線性擬合效果最好。
[Abstract]:The method of using remote sensing to monitor water quality is a kind of high-tech monitoring method which has been recognized and accepted by people at present. This method can be used for rapid and effective monitoring of a wide range of waters. However, due to the limitation of geometric resolution and spectral resolution of satellite data at present, there are some limitations in monitoring the water quality of rivers. And the traditional method of using satellite data to retrieve water quality parameters seldom considers the influence of water depth, which is considered to be a deficiency, considering the limitation of general satellite data on river water quality monitoring. In this paper, the Jinjiang River of Chengdu is taken as the research area, the suspended matter is taken as the research object of water pollution parameters, and the imaging spectrometer is used to complete the collection of water quality spectral data. The effects of different concentrations of suspended matter and different depth of water body on the spectral characteristics of water body were investigated. The main contents and results of the study were as follows: 1) the collection of suspended matter concentration data and spectral data according to the water quality sampling point set by the experimental scheme. Water samples were collected in the field, and the concentration of suspended matter was measured in the laboratory. In this paper, the white board method was proposed to collect the spectral data of the suspended water body. The processing of Spectral data of White Plate in Water body under different suspended matter concentration and different Water depth) 10 points on ceramic whiteboard image of imaging spectrometer were selected. The reflectivity of whiteboard on the whole wave of imaging spectrometer is obtained by means of mean value. Considering the effect of noise, the reflectivity value of 400-900nm band is selected finally. Because of the high spectral resolution of the imaging spectrometer, The whiteboard reflectivity data has the noise interference, carries on the data compression, Finally, the reflectance spectral characteristics of the suspended solids with different concentrations and depth were obtained at the wavelength of 400-900nmm) with the increase of the concentration of the suspended solids, the reflectance of the whiteboards in the water decreased generally with the increase of the concentration of the suspended solids. But the amplitude is different, the reflectivity curve has bimodal property, when the concentration of suspended matter is low, the first reflection peak is in the green wave band, with the increase of concentration, the first reflection peak moves to the red light band, and the second reflection peak basically remains unchanged. In the infrared band, the reflectance of the suspended substance with high concentration is lower than that of the suspended substance. 4) the reflectance of the suspended substance decreases with the increase of the depth, and the reflectivity of the white board decreases with the increase of the depth, and the reflectivity of the suspended substance with different concentrations decreases with the increase of the depth. The sensitivity to depth is not consistent, high concentration is the most sensitive, medium concentration is second, low concentration is poor, the difference of wave band to depth, different concentration of water, The models of different levitation concentration and depth and reflectivity are based on single band model, band ratio model and spectral reflectivity differential model, respectively. The correlation analysis between reflectivity and concentration of suspended solids is carried out, and the most sensitive bands of each model are determined. The results show that the fitting effect of quadratic terms is the best under several conditions. The correlation between depth and reflectivity is analyzed, and the empirical formula of depth and reflectivity is fitted. The results show that power fitting is the best for high and medium concentration water, and linear fitting is best for low concentration water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X87;X832

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本文編號(hào)：1587780