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  本文關鍵詞： 預處理 反硝化 復合碳源填料 Miseq高通量測序　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為解決低C/N污水廠尾水深度脫氮外加固體纖維素碳源反硝化效率低、出水TOC高、填料層易堵塞等問題,本研究以玉米芯為研究對象,利用1.5%NaOH、1%H2SO4、1.5%H2O2和堿性雙氧水(含有1.5%H2O2的Na OH溶液)并聯合UV照射對熟的玉米芯進行預處理,通過分析各種預處理方法對玉米芯釋碳和脫氮性能的影響,優(yōu)選出適宜的玉米芯固體碳源預處理方式;將Fe0、玉米芯和活性炭填充到直徑為80mm的聚乙烯懸浮球中制成復合碳源填料,通過三因素三水平正交試驗確定復合碳源填料中Fe0、玉米芯和活性炭的填充比例;建立復合碳源填料反硝化脫氮-兼氧生物濾柱(DN/AF)組合工藝,考察該工藝運行特性及微生物菌群多樣性。主要研究成果如下:對預處理后玉米芯進行靜態(tài)釋碳和靜態(tài)脫氮試驗,考察預處理后玉米芯釋碳、反硝化性能及微生物附著情況。結果表明,從單位質量玉米芯硝酸鹽去除負荷、硝酸鹽去除率及玉米芯表面性狀綜合考慮,用堿處理后的玉米芯,處理程度最為適宜,有利于反硝化微生物的降解和利用。以堿處理玉米芯、Fe0和活性炭作為復合碳源填料,選取零價鐵類型、玉米芯/(Fe0+C)和Fe0/C三因素,進行三因素三水平正交試驗確定玉米芯、Fe0和活性炭聯合反硝化系統(tǒng)的影響因素。結果表明,以各組硝酸鹽去除率、氨氮積累量、亞氮積累量和pH作為正交試驗的評價標準,試驗最優(yōu)條件為:鐵絲,玉米芯/(Fe0+C)=5:1,Fe0/C=1:2。從宏觀和微觀的角度研究DN/AF組合工藝穩(wěn)定運行特性。一方面,對DN柱出水中TN、硝氮、TOC濃度及AF柱中出水TOC等水質指標進行評價,研究DN/AF組合工藝反硝化特性;另一方面,通過Miseq高通量測序技術和掃描電子顯微鏡,分析觀察DN柱中玉米芯上生物膜的微生物群落組成和形態(tài)特征。研究結果表明,DN/AF組合工藝能有效去除水中硝酸鹽,保證較低出水TOC,并保持良好的感官效果。反硝化濾池運行159d,單位質量堿處理玉米芯硝氮去除量可達1.32kg/kg,出水TOC在10mg/L以下;運行后期碳源相對不足時會出現亞氮的積累;玉米芯表面SEM圖中可以看出,未利用前玉米芯表面非常粗糙,有較多的孔洞;微生物利用后玉米芯表面孔洞增加,并附有一層致密的生物膜,生物膜中微生物以球狀和桿狀菌為主,成簇生長在玉米芯的表面;根據Miseq高通量測序結果,對微生物在屬水平進行聚類分析可知,生物膜中與反硝化作用有關的菌屬和與纖維素降解有關的菌屬,分別占已知菌屬的40.35%和29.04%。因此,污泥中反硝化作用菌屬和纖維素降解有關的菌屬的大量存在,為復合碳源填料高效反硝化作用提供了可能。本研究在玉米芯作為反硝化碳源時預處理方式的對比篩選,新型復合碳源填料制備及微生物測序技術方面具有一定的新穎性,為改善現行再生水廠氮素含量較高現狀,推進污水資源化利用,提高再生水水質方面具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems such as low denitrification efficiency of deep denitrification and solid cellulose carbon source in tail water of low C / N wastewater treatment plant, high TOC in effluent and easy plugging in packing layer, the corncob was taken as the research object in this study. The corn cob was pretreated with 1.5 NaOH _ 2 / H _ 2SO _ 4 and 1.5 H _ 2O _ 2 and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (NaOH solution containing 1.5 H _ 2O _ 2) and UV irradiation. The effects of various pretreatment methods on the carbon release and denitrification of corn cob were analyzed. A suitable pretreatment method for solid carbon source of corncob was selected, and Fe0, corncob and activated carbon were filled in the suspension ball of polyethylene with diameter of 80mm to make composite carbon source filler. The filling ratio of Fe0, corncob and activated carbon was determined by three factors and three levels orthogonal test, and the combined process of denitrification denitrification with facultative biological filter column (DN / AFF) was established. The main results are as follows: the static carbon release and denitrification experiments were carried out on the corncob after pretreatment, and the carbon release from the corncob after pretreatment was investigated. Denitrification performance and microbial attachment. The results showed that, considering the nitrate removal load, nitrate removal rate and surface characteristics of corncob, the corn cob treated with alkali was the most suitable. It is beneficial to the degradation and utilization of denitrifying microorganism. Using alkaline treatment of corncob Fe0 and activated carbon as composite carbon source filler, zero valence iron type, corncob / cob Fe0C) and Fe0/C were selected. The influence factors of corncob Fe0 and activated carbon combined denitrification system were determined by three factors and three levels orthogonal test. The results showed that nitrate removal rate, ammonia nitrogen accumulation, nitrous nitrogen accumulation and pH were used as the evaluation criteria of orthogonal experiment. The optimum conditions were as follows: iron wire, corncob / corn cob 5: 1 / Fe0 / C-1 / 2.The stable operation characteristics of DN/AF combination process were studied from macroscopic and microscopic angles. On the one hand, the water quality indexes such as TNC concentration in effluent of DN column, TOC concentration of nitrate nitrogen and TOC in AF column were evaluated. The denitrification characteristics of DN/AF combination process were studied. On the other hand, Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. The microbial community composition and morphological characteristics of biofilm on corn cob in DN column were analyzed and observed. The results showed that the combined process of DN / AF could effectively remove nitrate in water. When the denitrification filter was run for 159 days, the removal of nitrate nitrogen in corncob could reach 1.32 kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), the TOC of effluent was below 10 mg / L, and nitrogen accumulation would occur in the later stage of operation when carbon source was relatively insufficient. As can be seen from the SEM diagram of the corncob surface, the surface of the unexploited corncob is very rough, and there are many holes in the corncob surface, and the pores in the corncob surface are increased after microbial utilization, and a dense biofilm is attached to the corncob. The microbes in the biofilm were mainly globular and rod-like bacteria, which grew on the surface of corncob in clusters. According to the results of Miseq high-throughput sequencing, the cluster analysis of microbes in genus level showed that, The genera related to denitrification and cellulose degradation in biofilm account for 40.35% and 29.04 of the known genera, respectively. In this study, the pretreatment methods of corn cob as denitrification carbon source were compared and screened, the preparation of new composite carbon source fillers and microbial sequencing techniques were novel. In order to improve the present situation of high nitrogen content in reclaimed water plant, promote the utilization of wastewater resource and improve the water quality of reclaimed water, it is of positive significance.
【學位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703.1

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