本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電石渣 石灰石 脫硫技術(shù) 脫硫劑 脫硫島　出處：《北京化工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本著“因地制宜、以廢治廢、變廢為寶、發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟”原則,利用電石渣替代石灰石作為脫硫劑,達到了廢物綜合利用。目前,我國煙氣脫硫工藝主要采用石灰石-石膏濕法脫硫,該工藝相對簡單、運行穩(wěn)定可靠,但是脫硫劑石灰石價格比較高,運行成本約占脫硫裝置的30-35%,為了提高電廠運行經(jīng)濟效益,降低運行成本,采用電石渣法替代石灰石法相當必要的,用電石渣替石灰石進行脫硫,一方面大大減少了電石廢渣的排放,降低了對環(huán)境的污染,取得了很好的環(huán)境效益;另一方面采用了價格低廉的脫硫劑,降低了運行成本,同時減少了石灰石礦的開采,降低了有限資源的消耗,對石灰石礦產(chǎn)資源進行了有效保護,同時也降低石灰石-石膏法中C02的排放量,獲得經(jīng)濟效益的同時還獲得了良好的環(huán)境效益及社會效益。通過對現(xiàn)有煙氣脫硫技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀比較,充分利用當?shù)氐奶攸c,將企業(yè)的電石渣循環(huán)利用,選用電石渣-石膏濕法進行煙氣脫硫,具有以廢治廢,變廢為寶的優(yōu)點,減少了污染物的排放,同時也降低了生產(chǎn)運行費用。采用電石渣-石膏濕法脫硫的工藝路線后,根據(jù)煙氣中二氧化硫的含量,設(shè)計了脫硫塔,并制定了嚴格的操作規(guī)程,如液氣比、煙氣流速等。同時將生成的亞硫酸鈣通入空氣強制氧化成硫酸鈣,并從脫硫塔底部用漿液泵抽出,經(jīng)過二級脫水后,得到含水量為10%的脫硫石膏。改造工程分為兩個階段實施,第一階段將原有1#、2#兩臺吸收塔第一層噴淋下方新增一層托盤,第一、二層噴淋管及噴嘴進行改造,并在吸收塔內(nèi)增加吸收塔內(nèi)酸液收集裝置,將酸液收集到氧化塔；第二階段改造新建一臺3#吸收塔,3#吸收塔采取三層噴淋(最上層密集噴淋)加一層托盤形式,3#吸收塔投運后將煙氣輪流切換到3#吸收塔后再分別對兩臺老吸收塔進行改造,將老吸收塔的第三層噴淋改造成一層密集型噴淋層。通過改造后第一階段在FGD入口SO2濃度≤2000 mg·Nm-3(使用原煤全硫含量≤0.8%)的前提下,脫硫出口SO2濃度降低到≤50 mg·Nm-3。第二階段新、老吸收塔在FGD入口SO2濃度≤3500 mg·Nm-3(原煤的全硫含量≤1.5%)的前提下,脫硫出口SO2濃度降低到50 mg·Nm-3,脫硫效率達到98.6%,滿足了環(huán)保指標要求。最后,針對本次脫硫改造工程的運行情況進行了敘述,通過計算生產(chǎn)運行成本和二氧化硫減排量,得到與石灰石法相比每年節(jié)約成本約880萬元,二氧化硫排量降低了841.5噸／年,因此電石渣作為脫硫劑具有良好的經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)保效益。
[Abstract]:In line with the principle of "treating waste according to local conditions, changing waste into treasure and developing recycling economy", calcium carbide slag is used instead of limestone as desulfurizer to achieve comprehensive utilization of waste. Wet limestone gypsum desulfurization is mainly used in flue gas desulfurization process in China. The process is relatively simple and stable and reliable, but the price of desulfurizer limestone is relatively high, and the operating cost is about 30-355.In order to improve the economic benefit of power plant operation, the desulfurization process is mainly made up of limestone and gypsum. It is necessary to use calcium carbide slag instead of limestone method to reduce operation cost. On the one hand, calcium carbide slag for limestone desulphurization, on the one hand, greatly reduces the discharge of calcium carbide waste slag, reduces the pollution to the environment, and obtains very good environmental benefits. On the other hand, the low cost desulphurizer is used to reduce the running cost, to reduce the mining of limestone, to reduce the consumption of limited resources, and to effectively protect the mineral resources of limestone. At the same time, the discharge of CO2 in limestone gypsum process is reduced, and the economic benefits are obtained, and good environmental and social benefits are also obtained. By comparing the present situation of existing flue gas desulfurization technology, we can make full use of the local characteristics. In order to recycle the calcium carbide slag and choose the wet method of calcium carbide slag and gypsum for flue gas desulphurization, it has the advantage of treating waste with waste and turning waste into treasure, thus reducing the emission of pollutants. At the same time, the production cost is also reduced. After adopting the technology route of wet desulfurization with calcium carbide slag and gypsum, according to the content of sulfur dioxide in flue gas, the desulfurization tower is designed, and strict operation rules, such as the ratio of liquid to gas, are worked out. At the same time, the generated calcium sulfite is forced to be oxidized into calcium sulfate through the air, and extracted from the bottom of the desulfurization tower by slurry pump. After secondary dehydration, the desulphurized gypsum with water content of 10% is obtained. The reconstruction project is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a layer tray is added under the first layer of the original 1 #2# absorption tower, the first and second layers of spray pipes and nozzles are modified, and the acid collection device in the absorption tower is added to the absorption tower to collect the acid solution to the oxidation tower; In the second stage of reconstruction, a new absorption tower was built, and the absorption tower was built in the form of three layers of spray (the highest layer of dense spray) and a layer of pallet. After the tower was put into operation, the flue gas was switched to the absorption tower in turn and then the two old absorption towers were renovated separately. The third layer spray of the old absorption tower was transformed into a dense spray layer. In the first stage, the SO2 concentration at the outlet of desulfurization was reduced to 鈮，

本文編號：1520568