本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南海 海洋環(huán)境 突發(fā)事件 應(yīng)對　出處：《廣東海洋大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：南海也稱南中國海,自然海域面積超過300萬km2,位居我國四大海域之首。隨著南海油氣資源被發(fā)現(xiàn),南海周邊國家紛紛掠奪式的開發(fā)南海資源,造成海上石油勘探開發(fā)溢油事件、海上船舶污染事件不斷發(fā)生。此外,港口污染事件、陸源排污、放射性污染事件、大規(guī)模赤潮等海洋災(zāi)害事件也頻繁出現(xiàn)在南海,給南海海洋環(huán)境帶來災(zāi)難。良好的海洋環(huán)境是我國與南海周邊國家未來生存和發(fā)展的有效保障。我國和南海周邊國家應(yīng)該共同承擔起保護南海海洋環(huán)境的義務(wù),如何處置南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件是南海沿海各國共同面臨的一道難題。本文正是在這樣的背景下展開研究,以求南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對的有效方案。本論文主要包括七個部分:第一部分,緒論。20世紀60年代,南海主權(quán)爭議愈演愈烈,資源掠奪步伐加快,從而使南海海洋環(huán)境面臨嚴峻挑戰(zhàn),如何有效應(yīng)對海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件成為一個急需探討的問題,這也是本論文研究的意義所在。論文從理論和實踐兩個方面指出研究的意義,系統(tǒng)總結(jié)國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,點明本論文的主要創(chuàng)新點和研究的主要內(nèi)容。第二部分,相關(guān)理論依據(jù)介紹。論文層層深入對南海海洋環(huán)境應(yīng)急管理進行定義,點明其具有公共性、突發(fā)性、危害性、持續(xù)性、擴散性等特點。引進區(qū)域海洋管理理論、多中心治理理論、危機管理理論、風險管理理論,主張打破傳統(tǒng)的行政區(qū)域劃分,加強區(qū)域之間的合作。提出將風險管理作為整個突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對的新開端,使應(yīng)對重心從事后應(yīng)對轉(zhuǎn)為事前預(yù)防。第三部分,事件類型劃分。根據(jù)誘因的不同,將南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件歸納為以下五種類型:海洋石油勘探過程中出現(xiàn)的溢油事件、海上船舶事件、港口污染事件、陸源污染物排污事件、放射性污染事件、大規(guī)模赤潮等海洋災(zāi)害事件。第四部分,總結(jié)應(yīng)對現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)對難點。本文詳細總結(jié)了我國在突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對法律制度、機構(gòu)設(shè)置、人員素質(zhì)、技術(shù)設(shè)備等方面取得的新突破。從法律、技術(shù)、信息溝通、公眾參與、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)等方面分析了應(yīng)對中存在的不足。第五部分,重新設(shè)計應(yīng)對流程。傳統(tǒng)突發(fā)事件預(yù)防通常是預(yù)警—應(yīng)對—善后模式,該模式存在“重應(yīng)對,輕預(yù)防”的弊端。針對這種現(xiàn)狀,本文重新設(shè)計了應(yīng)對流程,引入企業(yè)管理中的風險管理理論,將風險管理作為南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對的新起點,即風險管理階段、預(yù)警階段、應(yīng)對階段、善后管理階段。第六部分,應(yīng)對對策。在相關(guān)理論的指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合對南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對現(xiàn)狀的分析,提出完善南海海洋環(huán)境突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對對策建議。第七部分,總結(jié)與展望�？偨Y(jié)本研究在理論、應(yīng)對流程、應(yīng)對方案方面的創(chuàng)新之處。同時也指出了論文研究中存在的不足之處。例如,數(shù)據(jù)需要更新,應(yīng)對流程是否具有實用性需要實踐來檢驗、對策建議的局限性。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea, also known as the South China Sea, has a natural sea area of more than 3 million km2, ranking first among the four major seas in China. With the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the surrounding countries in the South China Sea have exploited the resources of the South China Sea in a predatory manner. In addition, port pollution incidents, land-based pollution incidents, radioactive pollution incidents. Large scale red tide and other marine disasters also occur frequently in the South China Sea. A good marine environment is an effective guarantee for the future survival and development of China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea. China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea should jointly assume the obligation to protect the marine environment of the South China Sea. How to deal with marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea is a common problem facing coastal countries in the South China Sea. This paper mainly includes seven parts: the first part, introduction. In 60s, the South China Sea sovereignty dispute intensified, the pace of resource plunder accelerated. In order to make the South China Sea marine environment face severe challenges, how to effectively respond to marine environmental emergencies has become an urgent problem. This is also the significance of this paper. The thesis points out the significance of the research from both theoretical and practical aspects, and systematically summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad. This paper points out the main innovation of this paper and the main contents of the research. The second part, the related theoretical basis. The thesis defines the marine environment emergency management of the South China Sea layer by layer, points out that it has the public, sudden. The paper introduces regional ocean management theory, multi-center governance theory, crisis management theory, risk management theory, and advocates to break the traditional division of administrative regions. Strengthen the cooperation between regions. Put forward the risk management as a new beginning of the whole emergency response, so that the focus of response from post-event to pre-prevention. The third part, the type of events, according to the different incentives. The marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea can be classified into the following five types: oil spills in the process of offshore oil exploration, marine vessel incidents, port pollution events, land-based pollutant emission events, and radioactive pollution events. Large scale red tide and other marine disaster events. Part 4th summarizes the current situation and difficulties. This paper summarizes the legal system institutional setting and personnel quality of emergency response in China in detail. From the aspects of law, technology, information communication, public participation, regional coordination and other aspects of the analysis of the shortcomings of the response. 5th. The traditional emergency prevention is usually forewarning-coping-aftercare mode, which has the disadvantages of "heavy response, light prevention". In view of this situation, this paper redesigned the response process. This paper introduces the theory of risk management in enterprise management, and regards risk management as a new starting point for the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, that is, risk management stage, early warning stage, response stage, and aftercare management stage. Part 6th. Under the guidance of relevant theories, combined with the analysis of the current situation of response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea. Part 7th. Summary and prospect. Summarize the innovation of this research in theory, response process, response plan. At the same time, point out the deficiencies in the research. For example, the data need to be updated. Whether the response process is practical or not needs to be tested by practice, and the limitations of countermeasures and suggestions.
【學位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55;D63

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