本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市污水 化學(xué)除磷 三氯化鐵 PAC 影響因素　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日趨嚴(yán)格,大多數(shù)污水處理廠存在出水總磷難以達(dá)標(biāo)的問題,因而通常需要在一些處理工段上輔以化學(xué)除磷。但是化學(xué)除磷效果往往受實(shí)際廢水水質(zhì)以及不同工段工況等多種因素影響。水質(zhì)等對(duì)化學(xué)沉淀除磷影響的國內(nèi)外研究報(bào)道不多。本研究對(duì)西安市某污水處理廠的幾種工段水質(zhì)(進(jìn)廠原水、污泥濃縮上清液、污泥脫出水,厭氧池澄清液、二沉池出水)進(jìn)行批次化學(xué)除磷實(shí)驗(yàn)。目的是探明不同化學(xué)除磷藥劑、水中溶解性有機(jī)物(如VFA、腐殖酸等)對(duì)化學(xué)除磷的影響以及相互之間的作用機(jī)理與沉淀產(chǎn)物組成,揭示城市污水處理廠不同工段水質(zhì)磷的化學(xué)沉淀特征,為指導(dǎo)污水處理廠化學(xué)除磷奠定基礎(chǔ)。論文得到了以下主要成果:(1)通過六種沉淀劑硫酸亞鐵,氯化鈣,氧化鈣,硫酸鋁,三氯化鐵,聚合氯化鋁(PAC)對(duì)幾個(gè)工段水樣的批次實(shí)驗(yàn),得出:采用鈣鹽為沉淀劑的磷去除率總體上較低,而鐵鹽和鋁鹽相對(duì)效果比較好。其中,二沉池出水采用PAC和三氯化鐵可以使磷去除率達(dá)70%以上;進(jìn)廠原水采用鋁系鹽磷去除率較高,采用鐵鹽的磷去除率較低;厭氧池澄清液以PAC為沉淀劑可以使磷去除率達(dá)75%以上;污泥脫出水采用三氯化鐵和PAC可以去除72%以上的磷酸鹽;污泥濃縮水用三價(jià)鐵鹽,PAC去除效果較好,磷的去除率約75%。(2)快速攪拌200r/min 1min慢速攪拌50 r/min 10min,沉淀時(shí)間為30min為批次實(shí)驗(yàn)最佳反應(yīng)條件。(3)在pH=6.5,隨著VFA濃度的增加,磷去除率逐漸下降,VFA在高于60mg/L時(shí)對(duì)磷去除率影響較大,在10mg/L~50mg/L范圍內(nèi)影響較小;腐殖酸的加入對(duì)磷去除率影響較小,在含量為40mg/L下,磷去除率基本沒有變化;超過60mg/L之后,磷去除率緩慢降低。(4)以鐵鹽、鋁鹽為沉淀劑形成的化學(xué)沉淀物主要為鐵鹽、鋁鹽自身水解產(chǎn)物和與磷酸鹽結(jié)合的沉淀產(chǎn)物�？傮w上PAC的沉淀物種類比較復(fù)雜,沉淀物主要有AlPO4、Al2 O3、Al6P6 O24·4H2O、Al(H2 PO4)3、Al8 H12(P2O7)9、Al2P6 O18,AlH6(PO4)3·2H2O等,鐵鹽沉淀磷的主要產(chǎn)物主要有Fe(OH)3、Fe2P、Fe4(PO4)3(OH)3、Fe3 PO7等。(5)在pH=4左右,模擬計(jì)算出:磷酸鐵生成速率最大。鐵鹽化學(xué)除磷在pH=4.5下效果好,論文分析原因有:一是此p H下鐵鹽的水解作用比較強(qiáng),水解產(chǎn)生的水解產(chǎn)物對(duì)磷有很強(qiáng)的吸附作用,二是有一部分的鐵鹽與磷酸根直接結(jié)合。污水pH為7左右,用鐵鹽進(jìn)行化學(xué)除磷需提前調(diào)pH。鋁鹽在“沉淀模式”條件下溶液偏堿性,產(chǎn)生的Al(OH)3(am)和Al(OH)3(s)能吸附磷酸根離子,因此磷的去除率較高。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly stringent standards of pollutant discharge in municipal wastewater treatment plants, most wastewater treatment plants have the problem that the total phosphorus of effluent is difficult to reach the standard. Therefore, chemical phosphorus removal is usually needed in some treatment sections. However, the effect of chemical phosphorus removal is often affected by many factors, such as actual wastewater quality and different working conditions, etc. The effect of chemical phosphorus removal at home and abroad, such as water quality, is affected by chemical precipitation. There are few reports on the study. The water quality of several sections of a sewage treatment plant in Xi'an is studied (. Raw water into the factory. Batch chemical phosphorus removal experiments were carried out on sludge concentrate supernatant sludge stripping water anaerobic tank clarifier and secondary settling tank effluent. The purpose of this experiment was to find out different chemical phosphorus removal agents and dissolved organic matter (such as VFA) in water. The effect of humic acid on chemical phosphorus removal, the interaction mechanism and the composition of precipitate products, and the characteristics of chemical precipitation of phosphorus in different sections of municipal wastewater treatment plant were revealed. In order to guide chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plant, the following main achievements were obtained: 1) through six precipitators, ferrous sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium oxide, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride. The experiments on several sections of water samples by polyaluminum chloride (PAC) showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency of calcium salt as precipitant was lower, but the relative effect of iron salt and aluminum salt was better. PAC and ferric chloride can make phosphorus removal rate more than 70%. The removal rate of phosphorus by aluminum salt is higher than that by iron salt. Using PAC as precipitating agent, the phosphorus removal rate of the clarifier in anaerobic tank can reach more than 75%. More than 72% phosphate can be removed from sludge effluent by ferric chloride and PAC. The removal rate of phosphorus is about 75r / min ~ (2)) stirring 200r / min / min 1 min and stirring 50 r / min / min for 10 minutes. The optimum reaction condition was 30 min. The phosphorus removal rate decreased with the increase of VFA concentration. When VFA is higher than 60 mg / L, the phosphorus removal rate is more significant, but less in the range of 10 mg / L ~ 50 mg / L; The addition of humic acid had little effect on the phosphorus removal rate, and the phosphorus removal rate had no change when the content was 40 mg / L; After more than 60 mg / L, the phosphorus removal rate decreased slowly. 4) Iron salt was the main chemical precipitate formed by aluminum salt and iron salt. On the whole, the types of precipitates in PAC are quite complex, and the main precipitates are AlPO4 and Al 2O 3. Al6P6 O _ 24 路4H _ 2O _ 2 H _ 2PO _ 4H _ 2H _ 2O _ 3H _ 2O _ 8 H _ 2O _ (12) P _ 2O _ 7H _ 2O _ (9) Al _ 2P _ (6) O _ (18) AlH _ (6) O _ (4) O _ (4). The main products of Fe ~ (2 +) precipitation are Fe ~ (2 +) O ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) P _ (4) Fe _ (4) O _ (4) O _ (4) O _ (3) Fe _ (3) PO7 and so on. The results show that the rate of iron phosphate formation is the largest. The effect of iron salt chemical phosphorus removal is good under pH=4.5. The main reasons are as follows: first, the hydrolysis of iron salt is stronger at this pH. The hydrolytic product produced by hydrolysis has a strong adsorption effect on phosphorus. Second, some iron salts are directly combined with phosphate, and the wastewater pH is about 7. It is necessary to adjust the pH in advance for chemical phosphorus removal with iron salt. The solution of aluminum salt is alkaline under the "precipitation mode", and the resulting Al _ 2O _ H _ 3a) and Al _ 2O _ H _ (3) can adsorb phosphate ion. Therefore, phosphorus removal rate is higher.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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